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第三章完 形 填 空[2][題型分析]“完形填空”題型旨在測試學生綜合運用英語的能力。做此題時考生必須通篇考慮，掌握大意，綜合運用所學詞匯、語法及常識進行判斷推理。解題主要從以下四步做起。 及時步: 重視首句，把握開篇。完形填空一般無標題，首句一般是完整的一句，不留空白，全文信息從此開始。細讀首句，可判斷文章體裁，預測全文大意和主旨。第二步: 速讀全文，掌握大意。速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方，仍要快速讀下去。閱讀時要注意找出關鍵詞、中心詞，畫出表示某些代表人物和情節的詞，以便于形成思路。注意不要在未掌握大意的基礎上，邊閱讀、邊做題，這樣速度慢、率低。第三步: 瞻前顧后，靈活答題。“瞻前顧后”即先讀所填詞的句子，再回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個空白待填，在初定答案時要“雙管齊下”，在兩處同時試填，然后通讀全句，確定答案。具體答題方法如下。(1) 擇優法: 根據文章及結構邊讀邊填，如果能夠立刻判定出答案，不必再去逐個考證其余答案。(2) 排除法: 如一時難以確定答案，可按空格位置，從語法結構、詞語搭配、上下文語境、習慣用法、詞義辨析等方面，對選項逐項分析試填，排除干擾項，從而確定正確答案。第四步: 復核全文，調整答案。把填好的短文通讀一遍，進行核查同時注意以下三點。(1) 上下文的一致性，即時態語態的一致；代詞、名詞、單復數的一致。(2) 從語法和慣用法及習慣搭配，甚至語感入手，看是否符合上下文的邏輯。(3) 段與段、句與句之間的銜接是否連貫。復核至關重要，經常能糾正一兩處甚至多處錯誤。同時對于較難確定的答案，也要憑語感任猜一個，決不可不選。[真題講解][例1](2015年)In nearly every town or city centre in the UK, on most days of the week you can find one or more people standing in the street selling a magazine 1 The Big Issue. These people are all 2, but they are not begging for money.3, they are selling the magazine as a means(手段)of 4 a small but respectable living.The Big Issue magazine was 5 in 1991 by John Bird and Gordon Roddick after they 6 that there were many homeless people who were 7 on the streets of London. On a previous(之前的)8 to New York, one of them had seen homeless people selling a newspaper known as Street News 9 they decided to set up something 10 in the British capital.Nowadays, The Big Issue has 11 all over the UK and there are even different versions(版本)of the magazine in different parts of the 12. The sellers buy each magazine from the organization for seventy pence and then sell it to a 13 for one pound fifty. By working with The Big Issue, many people have been 14 to escape from homelessness, and 15 many of them have moved on to new jobs and new lives. ()1. A. printedB. speltC. calledD. stuck()2. A. healthyB. homelessC. impoliteD. single()3. A. InsteadB. BesidesC. AnyhowD. Therefore()4. A. changingB. enjoyingC. makingD. improving()5. A. recognizedB. startedC. foundD. written()6. A. forgotB. hopedC. sawD. doubted()7. A. drivingB. livingC. drawingD. working()8. A. visitB. entranceC. wayD. flight()9. A. orB. butC. forD. and()10. A. similarB. personalC. naturalD. friendly()11. A. brokenB. landedC. spreadD. floated()12. A. cityB. townC. worldD. country()13. A. reporterB. painterC. listenerD. reader()14. A. askedB. helpedC. neededD. forced()15. A. in the endB. now and thenC. all the timeD. in a hurry答案與解析: 文章題材及寫作背景:The Big Issue是一本創始于英國倫敦的雜志，內容涵蓋時事、社會議題及文藝資訊，現于英國、日本、澳洲、韓國等十個國家或地區以不同版本的形式發行；特別的是，這份刊物是通過Homeless來販售。該組織由兩個部分組成，一個是以有限公司模式，負責生產和配送雜志到街頭的小販通路;另一個則以非營利組織的形態存在，以幫助這些小販們解決他們無家可歸的問題，重新取得生活的主控權。TBI(The Big Issue)創辦人高登 羅迪克(Gordon Roddick)是美體小鋪(The Body Shop)的創辦人之一。在全球拓展美體小鋪事業期間，羅迪克在紐約看到專由街友販賣的《街頭新聞》(Street News)后，大受感動。有鑒于倫敦街頭日益增加的游民和乞丐已成為嚴重的社會問題，回到英國之后，羅迪克找來具有出版經驗、過去也曾一度露宿街頭的約翰 博德(John Bird)一起合作。1991年9月，兩人聯手創辦了TBI雜志。兩位創始人始終相信，要解決游民問題，關鍵在于讓他們自食其力，“授人以魚，不如授之以漁”(a hand up, not a hand out)。1. C“在大街上售賣一本被叫作The Big Issue的雜志”，只有選項C合適。選項A是“印刷,打印”的意思；選項B是spell的過去分詞，意為“拼寫,拼讀”之意；選項D是stick的過去分詞，意為“刺入,插入，阻塞”。2. Bhealthy“健康的”；homeless“無家可歸的”；impolite“不禮貌的”；single“單一的”。3. Ainstead意為“代替,替代”，作副詞用通常位于句尾。如位于句首常用逗號與后面隔開。instead 在順接句子中作“代替”講，而在轉折(或逆轉)句子中作“然而”講。4. Cmake living“謀生”，是固定搭配。兩句的意思是: 他們都是無家可歸的人，但是他們并不乞討錢。相反，他們把售賣雜志作為一種哪怕微不足道但卻令人尊重的謀生手段。5. Brecognized“承認，認出”；started“發起,創辦”，且與第二段一句中的“set up something”形成前后呼應，符合題意；found既可作為find的過去式，也可作為“建立,創辦”的原形，其過去式為founded，該空顯然要填動詞的過去式；written是write的過去分詞。6. C選項saw“看見,看到”，是see的過去式，且與下文“one of them had seen homeless people”相呼應;forgot“忘記”，是forget的過去式；hoped,“希望”；doubted,“懷疑”。7. Bliving“住,居住”，符合題意。這段話的意思是: 在看到有許多無家可歸、住在倫敦大街上的人之后，John Bird和Gordon Roddick于1991年創辦了The Big Issue雜志。8. Avisit既可做動詞，也可做名詞，意為“參觀,拜訪,訪問”，做名詞使用時常與to搭配，故選A。entrance“入口”；flight“飛行,航班”。該句譯為: 在他們之前去紐約的參觀訪問中，其中一人看見一些無家可歸的人在售賣著名的《街頭新聞》報紙之后，他們決定在英國首都也創辦一種類似的讀物。9. Dand表示并列的意義，符合題意，故選D。10. Asimilar“類似的,相似的”；personal“個人的,私人的”；natural“自然的”；friendly“友好的”。通讀該段，聯系前文，可知該空選A。11. Cbroken“打破,破裂”，是break的過去式；landed“著陸”；spread“展開,傳播,散布,遍布,分布”，符合題意；floated“漂浮”。12. D選項“country”，與前文“all over the UK”相對應，故選D。該句意為: 如今，The Big Issue已經遍布全英國，甚至在該國不同的地區有不同的版本。13. Dreporter“記者”；painter“畫家”；listener“聽眾”；reader“讀者”，因為The Big Issue是雜志，故選項D符合題意。14. Basked“請,叫”；helped“幫助,有助于”，該句用了被動語態，意思是說通過售賣The Big Issue，有助于人們擺脫困境、改善生活;needed“需要”；forced“迫使,強迫”。這句話譯為: 通過售賣The Big Issue，許多人已經擺脫了無家可歸的困境，找到了新工作，過上了新生活。故選B。15. Ain the end“,終于”，符合題意；now and then“有時,時而,間或”；all the time“一直,始終”；in a hurry“立刻,迅速”。[例2](2014年)As a boy I dreamed of flying airplanes.1 I told Dad I wanted to be a pilot, he said, “You need to do your job well on the farm first, and 2 you may realize your dream.” The farm was an everyday responsibility(職責)—that 3 Saturday, Sunday and Christmas too. Every morning got up at four oclock to milk and 4 the cows. After the milk was bottled my older brothers and I 5 it to peoples homes. I was paid five cents a bottle. At that time I 6 that to be successful you have to take care of your responsibilities.When I was 16, I signed up for flying lessons. To pay for the lessons I 7 a small restaurant with some friends. One of our regular 8 was the president of the Farmers Bank. Every 9 I got, I talked to him about my dream. One day I told him I 10 $3,500 to buy my own 11. He lent me the money so that I could fly people within 150 miles of the airport.Twelve years later I was flying people around the world 12 a pilot of a big airline company. After ten years in the company I started my own 13.Today I run a billiondollar company, but it was on the farm that I learned the principles(原則)that have 14 me. Hard work and determination do 15 dreams come true.()1. A. WhenB. ThoughC. BeforeD. Since()2. A. nowB. stillC. againD. then()3. A. spentB. meantC. wastedD. followed()4. A. pullB. feedC. saveD. ride()5. A. sentB. postedC. offeredD. returned()6. A. repliedB. agreedC. learnedD. wanted()7. A. openedB. borrowedC. builtD. visited()8. A. friendsB. passengersC. neighborsD. customers()9. A. dayB. hourC. chanceD. place()10. A. neededB. preparedC. receivedD. collected()11. A. carB. busC. truckD. plane()12. A. byB. asC. toD. for()13. A. jobB. areaC. businessD. journey()14. A. guidedB. pressedC. remindedD. excited()15. A. putB. makeC. takeD. see答案與解析: 1. A主語從句中，缺少時間。故用when來引導。2. D根據前后句意可知,先做好農場的事，然后再實現夢想,故用then。3. B考查動詞詞義。根據前半句，農場是每天的職責，也就意味著周末和圣誕。meant意為“意味著”。4. Bfeed是“喂養”的意思。5. A根據句意可知,“我”把牛奶裝瓶后，和哥哥一起把牛奶送到人們家里,故用send。6. C根據句意可知,那時候“我”學到了，想要成功必須要有職責,故用learned。7. A該句表示“開”了一家小餐館,用opened。8. D根據前后文可知，其中一位“常客”最符合題意。9. C根據句意可知,每次“我”碰到他，都會與他談論“我”的夢想,故用chance。10. A根據句意可知，“我”需要錢，故用needed。11. D根據前文可知,“我”的夢想是當飛行員，所以“我”要買飛機,故選plane。12. B本題考查介詞，as是“當，作為”的意思。13. C根據下文可知，“我”自己經營了一家公司，有了自己的生意,故用business。14. A考查動詞詞義。guide“指導”，press“壓”，remind“提醒”，excite“興奮”，故A選項最恰當。15. B該句意為: 努力和決心確實可以使夢想成真。make是“使得”的意思。[例3](2013年)Yuichiro Miura lives by the saying that nothing is impossible.For him, that means climbing Qomolangma, the worlds highest mountain, at the age of 80. He 1 to climb it for the 2 time next month. He reached its top at ages 70 and 75. If he succeeds this time, he will 3 the record for the oldest person to climb the 8,844meterhigh mountain.The record,4, is not what pushes him on. Instead, he wants to know how a person of his age will 5 and deal with the terrible cold,6 air and low oxygen(氧氣)levels on such a high mountain. He believes those 7 will add 70 years to the age of his body once he 8 to the top. His daughter, Emili Miura,9 others that he will feel like someone 150 years old.“Nobody ever lived that long, and hes so 10 to know how it would he like,” she said. “He would like to know what is the 11 of humans.” Emili Miura said her father thinks that one should always set a higher 12 for oneself and try to achieve it.Yuickiro Miura faces more dangers13 health problems. He has had three heart operation in 14 years, and he suffered two 15 bones in a sport accident in 2009. Nobody would say its wise for an 80yearold person to make the climb, but Mr. Miura believes that nothing is impossible.()1. A. begsB. plansC. needD. refuses()2. A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth()3. A. breakB. checkC. achieveD. improve()4. A. anyhowB. thereforeC. howeverD. meanwhile()5. A. existB. advise C. workD. feel()6. A. thinB. clearC. freshD. cool()7. A. desiresB. conditionsC. operationsD. advantages()8. A. getsB. leadsC. turnsD. sticks()9. A. warnedB. persuadedC. toldD. promised()10. A. sureB. afraidC. proudD. curious()11. A. endB. aimC. limitD. fact()12. A. goalB. orderC. ruleD. example()13. A. instead ofB. because ofC. in favor ofD. in front of ()14. A. mostB. earlyC. severalD. recent()15. A. burnedB. brokenC. destroyedD. grown答案與解析: 1. B根據句意可知,他計劃去爬珠穆朗瑪峰。begs“乞求”；need“需要”；refuses“拒絕”。2. C根據后文，他在70歲和75歲時到過頂峰，可知這是他第三次登峰。3. A根據句意可知,他將打破紀錄。check“檢查核對”；achieve“獲得，完成”；improve“改善，提高”。4. C根據上下文可知，此處要選擇具有轉折意義的詞。句意為: 然而，紀錄并不是促使他登山的動力。5. D根據句意可知,這句話是說他會感覺怎樣。exist“存在，生存”；advise“建議”；work“工作”。6. A根據常識判斷,海拔高的山上應該是稀薄的空氣。7. B根據上文可知，這些條件會讓他的生理年齡增加70歲。desires“要求”；operations