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Contents

Introduction v

Entry test vii

1 Present tenses 現在時態

present simple; present continuous; state verbs 1

Test practice: Listening Section 1 6

2 Past tenses 1 過去時態1

past simple; past continuous; used to; would 8

Test practice: Academic Reading 14

3 Present perfect 現在完成時

present perfect simple; present perfect continuous 18

Test practice: General Training Writing Task 1 25

4 Past tenses 2 過去時態2

past perfect simple; past perfect continuous 27

Test practice: Academic Reading 34

5 Future 1 將來時態1

plans, intentions and predictions: present continuous; going to; will 38

Test practice: General Training Reading 44

6 Future 2 將來時態2

present simple; be about to; future continuous; future perfect 48

Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 54

7 Countable and uncountable nouns 可數名詞和不可數名詞

countable and uncountable nouns; quantity expressions (many, much, a lot of, some, any, a few, few, no) 55

Test practice: Academic Reading 60

8 Referring to nouns 指稱名詞

articles; other determiners (demonstratives, possessives, inclusives: each, every, both, all etc.) 64

Test practice: Listening Section 4 71

9 Pronouns and referencing 代詞及其指代

personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns; avoiding repetition 73

Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 79

10 Adjective and adverbs 形容詞和副詞

describing things: adding information about manner, place, time, frequency

and intensity 80

Test practice: General Training Reading 87

11 Comparing things 比較事物

comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; other ways of comparing 90

Test practice: Academic Writing Task 1 97

12 The noun phrase 名詞短語

noun prepositional phrase; noun participle clause; noun to-infinitive clause 98

Test practice: Academic Reading 103

13 Modals 1 情態動詞 1

ability; possibility; alternatives to modals 107

Test practice: Listening Section 4 113

14 Modals 2 情態動詞 2

obligation and necessity; suggestions and advice; adverbs 114

Test practice: General Training Reading 120

15 Reported speech 間接引語

tense changes; time references; reporting questions; reporting verbs 123

Test practice: Listening Section 3 131

16 Verb verb patterns 動詞 動詞形式

verb to-infinitive; verb -ing; verb preposition -ing;

verb infinitive without to 133

Test practice: Academic Reading 140

17 Likelihood based on conditions 1 基于條件的可能性 1

zero, first and second conditionals; other ways to introduce a condition 144

Test practice: Academic Reading 150

18 Likelihood based on conditions 2 基于條件的可能性 2

third conditional; mixed conditionals; wishes and regrets; should(n't) have 154

Test practice: Academic Reading 160

19 Prepositions 介詞

prepositions after verbs, adjectives and nouns; prepositional phrases 164

Test practice: Listening Section 2 171

20 Relative clauses 關系從句

relative pronouns; defining and non-defining relative clauses; prepositions 173

Test practice: Academic Reading 180

21 Ways of organising texts 組織文章的方式

subject choice; introductory it; ellipsis; organising information; it- and what-clauses 184

Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 190

22 The passive 被動語態

the passive; reporting with passive verbs, have something done, need -ing 191

Test practice: Academic Writing Task 1 197

23 Linking ideas 概念之間的連接

conjunctions, adverbials and prepositions; linking expressions 198

Test practice: Academic Reading 206

24 Showing your position in a text 在文中表明你的立場

pronouns; adverbs; verbs; adjectives 210

Test practice: Academic Writing Task 2 215

25 Nominalisation in written English 書面英語中的名詞化

forming nouns from other parts of speech (verbs, adjectives and linking words) 216

Test practice: Academic Writing Task 1 222

Key 223

Recording scripts 240

Appendix 1: Irregular verbs 256

Appendix 2: Phrasal verbs 257

CD tracklist 258