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本書是為提供教師課堂輔助教材而編著的，通過(guò)本書，學(xué)生可以將實(shí)際寫作與課堂練習(xí)結(jié)合起來(lái)，融會(huì)貫通。它敘述了構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)寫作風(fēng)格的一些規(guī)則和要求，旨在通過(guò)關(guān)注基本要素、使用規(guī)則和經(jīng)常被誤用的寫作規(guī)范來(lái)減輕教學(xué)人員和學(xué)習(xí)者的任務(wù)。其中很多章節(jié)的內(nèi)容將被視為修正一些文獻(xiàn)的參考。

本書僅涉及了部分英語(yǔ)寫作風(fēng)格的內(nèi)容，但是作者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻是建立在很多教師一致認(rèn)為應(yīng)該在寫作指導(dǎo)類教科書里所優(yōu)先闡明的基本規(guī)則上。每個(gè)教學(xué)者皆有自己的理論主體，而不愿接受教科書里的條條框框。和作者一起共事于康奈爾大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系的同事們?cè)谧髡邷?zhǔn)備此書的過(guò)程中提供了很大幫助，特此致謝。此外，要感謝喬治 麥克林伍德先生，因?yàn)樗犊饬俗髡咴谧?1條規(guī)則時(shí)可引用他所提供的資料。

若想要進(jìn)一步了解英語(yǔ)寫作的基本要素和相關(guān)規(guī)則，可參考如下作品：

第二章和第四章相關(guān)參考作品：1. F. Howard Collins, Author andPrinter(Henry Frowde)2. Chicago University Press, Manual of Style3.T. L. De Vinne, Correct Composition(The Century Company)4. HoraceHart, Rules for Compositors and Printers(Oxford University Press)5.George McLane Wood, Extracts from the Style-Book of the GovernmentPrinting Office(United States Geological Survey)

第三章和第五章相關(guān)參考作品：1. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, TheArt of Writing(Putnams) ，特別是Interlude on Jargon這一章2. George McLaneWood, Suggestions to Authors(United States Geological Survey)3.John Leslie Hall, English Usage(Scott, Foresman and Co.)4. James P.Kelly, Workmanship in Words(Little, Brown and Co.

根據(jù)以往觀察，的寫作者有時(shí)會(huì)刻意忽略修辭的規(guī)則，而使用違反規(guī)則的句法來(lái)寫作，這樣帶來(lái)的新奇感常使讀者感到耳目一新。然而，除非是寫作者很清楚這么做的目的和所產(chǎn)生的效果，否則建議還是依照規(guī)則來(lái)進(jìn)行。學(xué)習(xí)者如果掌握了寫作的基本規(guī)則，依照指導(dǎo)，便可將英文風(fēng)格的寫作融入實(shí)踐之中。然后在日復(fù)一日的練習(xí)里，去探尋寫作風(fēng)格形成的訣竅，追隨文學(xué)大師的寫作足跡。

英文原文：

I.INTRODUCTORY

ThisbookisintendedforuseinEnglishcoursesinwhichthepracticeofcompositioniscombinedwiththestudyofliterature.ItaimstogiveinbriefspacetheprincipalrequirementsofplainEnglishstyle.Itaimstolightenthetaskofinstructorandstudentbyconcentratingattention(inChaptersIIandIII)onafewessentials,therulesofusageandprinciplesofcompositionmostcommonlyviolated.Thenumbersofthesectionsmaybeusedasreferencesincorrectingmanuscript.

ThebookcoversonlyasmallportionofthefieldofEnglishstyle,buttheexperienceofitswriterhasbeenthatoncepasttheessentials,studentsprofitmostbyindividualinstructionbasedontheproblemsoftheirownwork,andthateachinstructorhashisownbodyoftheory,whichhepreferstothatofferedbyanytextbook.

Thewriter'scolleaguesintheDepartmentofEnglishinCornellUniversityhavegreatlyhelpedhiminthepreparationofhismanuscript.Mr.GeorgeMcLaneWoodhaskindlyconsentedtotheinclusionunderRule11ofsomematerialfromhisSuggestionstoAuthors.

Thefollowingbooksarerecommendedforreferenceorfurtherstudy:inconnectionwithChaptersIIandIV,F.HowardCollins,AuthorandPrinter(HenryFrowde);ChicagoUniversityPress,ManualofStyle;T.L.DeVinneCorrectComposition(TheCenturyCompany);HoraceHart,RulesforCompositorsandPrinters(OxfordUniversityPress);GeorgeMcLaneWood,ExtractsfromtheStyle-BookoftheGovernmentPrintingOffice(UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey);inconnectionwithChaptersIIIandV,SirArthurQuiller-Couch,TheArtofWriting(Putnams),especiallythechapter,InterludeonJargon;GeorgeMcLaneWood,SuggestionstoAuthors(UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey);JohnLeslieHall,EnglishUsage(Scott,ForesmanandCo.);JamesP.Kelly,WorkmanshipinWords(Little,BrownandCo.).

Itisanoldobservationthatthebestwriterssometimesdisregardtherulesofrhetoric.Whentheydoso,however,thereaderwillusuallyfindinthesentencesomecompensatingmerit,attainedatthecostoftheviolation.Unlessheiscertainofdoingaswell,hewillprobablydobesttofollowtherules.Afterhehaslearned,bytheirguidance,towriteplainEnglishadequateforeverydayuses,lethimlook,forthesecretsofstyle,tothestudyofthemastersofliterature.

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