本書是南京師范大學(xué)"英漢翻譯文本類型對比案例庫"項目的終成果，部分內(nèi)容用作南京師范大學(xué)的MTI"英漢語比較導(dǎo)論"課程教材，已經(jīng)試用多年，收到良好效果。
全書分十八章，分別涵蓋政治制度、法律、文學(xué)、典籍、影視、新聞傳播、傳統(tǒng)文化、社會流行語、體育、科技、醫(yī)藥、氣象、旅游、貿(mào)易、動植物、餐飲等16個領(lǐng)域，每一領(lǐng)域成為一章。在內(nèi)容安排上，每章包括五節(jié)，每一節(jié)是題解，介紹該領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)知識或基本概念，第二節(jié)是該領(lǐng)域的文化對比，介紹中國和西方社會在該領(lǐng)域的差別。第三節(jié)是語言比較，涉及漢語和英語在特定領(lǐng)域的語言使用規(guī)律，即相同語義內(nèi)容的語際表達差異，與翻譯技巧直接關(guān)聯(lián)。該節(jié)以特定領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)典例句為載體，對英漢兩種語言在所選定領(lǐng)域的語言差異做了較深入的比較，是對第二節(jié)文化差異的呼應(yīng)和具體化。第四節(jié)和第五節(jié)分別是中西文化與漢英語言對比的譯例樣板和專業(yè)詞匯對照表。譯例樣板的選題取自該領(lǐng)域較有代表性的語篇，體現(xiàn)文化差異的典型性特征和語際差異的應(yīng)對技巧，在譯例樣板之后是該領(lǐng)域?qū)ｉT詞匯和用語的對照列表。
本書內(nèi)容，知識覆蓋面廣，涵蓋政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、藝術(shù)、科技、社會生活、風(fēng)土人情的各個方面。本書既可以用作翻譯讀本，也可以用作文化讀本，讀者面廣，適用性大。
劉宇紅，2003年畢業(yè)于復(fù)旦大學(xué)，獲文學(xué)博士畢業(yè)，同年破格晉升為教授。現(xiàn)任南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院教授、博士生導(dǎo)師。2005年分別入選湖南省哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)研究"百人工程"和"湖南省新世紀121人才工程"。2005年至2006年在美國休斯敦Rice University訪學(xué)。
Chapter 1 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Political System
1.1.What Is Political System
1.2.Cultural Contrast of Political System in China and the West
1.2.1.Political System in China
1.2.2.Political System in the West
1.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Political System
1.3.1. Cross-matching between Linguistic ranks
1.3.2. Shortened form in Chinese Corresponding to Full-Length Form in English
1.4. Sample
1.5.A Glossary of Political System in Chinese and English
Chapter 2 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Law
2.1. What Is Law
2.2.Cultural Contrast of Law in China and the West
2.2.1.Law in China
2.2.2.Law in the West
2.3.Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Law
2.3.1. English Favoring the Passive Voice, Chinese the Active
2.3.2. English Favoring Lengthy Sentences, Chinese Short Ones
2.3.3. Nominalized Words in English Corresponding to Verbs in Chinese
2.4. Sample
2.5.A Glossary of Law in English and Chinese
Chapter 3 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Literature
3.1. What Is Literature
3.2. Cultural Contrast of Literature in China and the West
3.3.1. Literature in China
3.2.2. Literature in the West
3.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Literature
3.3.1. Multilevel Correspondence in Lexicon, Rhetoric and Sentence Structure
3.3.2. Resorting to Phonetic Transcription in Chinese
3.3.3. Resorting to Paraphrasing in Chinese
3.4. Samples
3.5. A Glossary of Literature in English and Chinese
Chapter 4 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Classics
4.1. What Is Classics
4.2. Cultural Contrast of Classics of China and the West
4.2.1. Classics of China
4.2.2. Classics of the West
4.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Classics
4.3.1. Considering the Content in Translating the Titles of Classics
4.3.2. Considering Differences in Thinking Modes
4.3.3. Proper Use of Footnotes in Translation
4.4. Samples
4.5. A Glossary of Chinese Classics in English and Chinese
Chapter 5 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Film
5.1. What Is Film
5.2. Cultural Contrast of Film in China and the West
5.2.1. Film in China
5.2.2. Film in the West
5.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Film
5.3.1.Techniques in the Translation of Film Titles
5.3.2. Integrating the Actor's Lines with the Hero's State of Mind
5.4. Samples
5.5. A Glossary of Film in English and Chinese
Chapter 6 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Journalism
6.1. What Is Journalism
6.2.Cultural Contrast of Journalism in China and the West
6.2.1.Journalism in China
6.2.2.Journalism in the West
6.3.Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Journalism
6.3.1.Neglecting the Connotative Meaning of the Source Language
6.3.2. Readjusting the Word Order of the Source Text
6.3.3. Addition or Deletion
6.4.Samples
6.5. A Glossary of Journalism in English and Chinese
Chapter 7 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Folk Culture
7.1. What Is Folk Culture
7.2. Folk Culture in China and the West
7.2.1.Folk Culture in China
7.2.2.Folk Culture in the West
7.3.Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Folk Culture
7.3.1. Cultural Supplementation of Source-Specific Concepts
7.3.2. Retaining the Cultural Connotations of Source Proverbs and Folklores
7.4.Samples
7.5. A Glossary of Folk Culture in English and Chinese
Chapter 8 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Catch Phrase
8.1. What Are Catch Phrases
8.2. Cultural Contrast of the Chinese Language and the English Language
8.2.1. The Chinese Language
8.2.2. The English Language
8.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Catch Phrase
8.3.1. Existing Words Obtaining New Meanings
8.3.2. Innovation of New Expressions
8.4. Sample
8.5. A Glossary of Catch Phrases in English and Chinese
Chapter 9 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Sport
9.1. What Is Sport
9.2. Cultural Contrast of Sport in China and the West
9.2.1. Sport in China
9.2.2. Sport in the West
9.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Sport
9.3.1. Restoring the Dropped-out Information and Understanding the Initialisms
9.3.2. Paying Special Attention to Technical Terminologies
9.3.3 Translation of Rhetorical Devices and Cultural Images
9.4. Sample
9.5. A Glossary of Sport in English and Chinese
Chapter 10 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Science and Technology
10.1. What Are Science and Technology
10.2. Cultural Contrast of Science and Technology in China and the West
10.2.1. Science and Technology in China
10.2.2. Science and Technology in the West
10.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Science and Technology
10.3.1. Nouns or Pronouns, Short Sentences or Lengthy Ones
10.3.2. Front Weight or End Weight
10.4. Samples
10.5. A Glossary of Science and Technology in English and Chinese
Chapter 11 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Medicine
11.1. What Is Medicine
11.2. Cultural Contrast of Medicine in China and the West
11.2.1. Medicine in China
11.2.2. Medicine in the West
11.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Medicine
11.3.1. Discriminating Technical Terms from Daily Uses
11.3.2. Explicit or Implicit Use of Modality
11.3.3. English Featuring Hypotaxis, Chinese Parataxis
11.3.4. English Favoring the Passive Voice, Chinese the Active
11.3.5. Techniques in Translating from Chinese into English
11.4. Sample
11.5. A Glossary of Medicine in English and Chinese
Chapter 12 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Weather and Climate
12.1. What are Weather and Climate
12.2. Cultural Contrast of Weather and Climate in China and the West
12.2.1. Weather and Climate in China
12.2.2. Weather and Climate in the West
12.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Weather and Climate
12.3.1. Heavy Use of Technical Terms and Abbreviations
12.3.2. Ways of Voice Rendering
12.3.3. Ways of Word Class Conversion
12.3.4. Tackling Lenthy Sentences
12.4. Sample
12.5. A Glossary of Weather and Climate in English and Chinese
Chapter 13 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Tourism
13.1. What Is Tourism
13.2.Cultural Contrast of Tourism in China and the West
13.2.1.Tourism in China
13.2.2. Tourism in the West
13.3.Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Tourism
13.3.1. Cultural Transplantation in Scenary Spot Introduction
13.3.2. Deleting Superfluous Information in the Source Language of Chinese
13.3.3. Supplementing Cultural Background Information
13.4.Samples
13.5. A Glossary of Tourism in English and Chinese
Chapter 14 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Trade
14.1. What Is Trade
14.2. Cultural Contrast of Trade in China and the West
14.2.1. Trade in China
14.2.2. Trade in the West
14.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Trade
14.3.1. Resorting to Linguistic Deviations
14.3.2. Marking the Differences in Culture
14.3.3. Inclinations for Passive or Active 143
14.4.Samples
14.5. A Glossary of Trade in English and Chinese
Chapter 15 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Flora and Fauna
15.1. What Are Flora and Fauna
15.2.Cultural Contrast of Flora and Fauna in China and the West
15.2.1. Flora and Fauna in China
15.2.2.Flora and Fauna in the West
15.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Flora and Fauna
15.3.1. Cultural Implications of Plants
15.3.2. Cultural Implications of Animals
15.4. Samples
15.5. A Glossary of Flora and Fauna in English and Chinese
Chapter 16 Contrast of Sino-Western Cultures and Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Food and Cuisine
16.1. What Are Food and Cuisine
16.2. Cultural Contrast of Food and Cookingin China and the West
16.2.1. Food and Cooking in China
16.2.2.Food and Cooking in the West
16.3. Chinese-English Translation Texts in the Field of Food and Cuisine
16.3.1. Supplementing Cultural Background in the Source Language
16.3.2. Discriminating Semantic Nuances Between Tricky Synonyms
16.4. Samples
16.5. A Glossary of Food and Cuisines in English and Chinese
