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討論你“熟悉與熱愛(ài)”的話(huà)題

這本書(shū)將讓你收獲如瑞士軍刀一般萬(wàn)能的演講技巧與竅門(mén)，從而進(jìn)行富有感染力的演講。請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎地使用這些技巧，就像使用其他擁有鋒芒的物品一樣。公開(kāi)演講所面臨的較大挑戰(zhàn)就是過(guò)度修飾辭藻反而使內(nèi)容失去了可信性。當(dāng)你將話(huà)題限定在你所感興趣的事物上時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生神奇的效果。緊張的情緒即刻得以平復(fù)，你能夠不假思索地構(gòu)建起眾多具有說(shuō)服力的論據(jù)。你將滔滔不絕地講述一個(gè)又一個(gè)故事，借此將觀(guān)點(diǎn)傳達(dá)給聽(tīng)眾。當(dāng)我詢(xún)問(wèn)TED大會(huì)的知名演講者西蒙 斯涅克是怎樣練就他那天賦異稟的演說(shuō)能力時(shí)，他也認(rèn)可了上述理論：

當(dāng)人們問(wèn)我，我是如何學(xué)會(huì)演講的，我會(huì)告訴他們：“說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我是投機(jī)取巧的！我只談?wù)撃切┪腋信d趣的或是我熟知的事物。我無(wú)法去刻意制造熱情。為人父母者可以連續(xù)四個(gè)小時(shí)滔滔不絕地談?wù)撍麄兊暮⒆樱宜龅钠鋵?shí)也一樣。我分享給大家的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，就像是前面說(shuō)的孩子——是我非常非常感興趣的話(huà)題，同時(shí)我也充滿(mǎn)了熱情，想要將這些故事分享給所有愿意聆聽(tīng)的人。”

很多演講方面的專(zhuān)家會(huì)在書(shū)本和演講中建議大家，先去了解聽(tīng)眾想得到什么，然后再篩選相應(yīng)的信息來(lái)滿(mǎn)足他們的需求。這條建議的出發(fā)點(diǎn)雖好，但也突顯了一點(diǎn)不足。盡管為聽(tīng)眾量身打造演講內(nèi)容十分重要，但是你所做的修改應(yīng)該僅限于一些非核心內(nèi)容的優(yōu)化。例如：為了能夠讓聽(tīng)眾更直觀(guān)地產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想，你可以換一個(gè)更合適的插圖，或是考慮到聽(tīng)眾較高的

知識(shí)水平，你可以酌情增加背景信息的比重。但我堅(jiān)信，與其像風(fēng)中蘆葦一樣搖擺不定，不如去尋找真正認(rèn)可并且渴望獲得你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)的聽(tīng)眾。幸運(yùn)的是，TED大會(huì)的聽(tīng)眾總是迫切地想要聆聽(tīng)一切值得分享，并且能夠指導(dǎo)、取悅和啟迪他們?nèi)松钠嫠济钕搿?/p>

我組織過(guò)好幾次TEDx 活動(dòng)，也曾擔(dān)任過(guò)其他許多活動(dòng)組織方的顧問(wèn)，因此經(jīng)常有一些希望登上TED演講臺(tái)的人，以及一些已經(jīng)確定下來(lái)的演講者找到我，問(wèn)我怎樣做一個(gè)為聽(tīng)眾所認(rèn)可的演講。但我想大部分讀者更感興趣的是如何提高公開(kāi)演講能力，而不是真的想站在TED的講臺(tái)上，因此關(guān)于這個(gè)話(huà)題，我將留到后面詳細(xì)討論。不過(guò)，在這里我想跟各位讀者分享一條最重要的建議，這也是我分享給前來(lái)咨詢(xún)的人的。

他們問(wèn)我，什么樣的演講才能得到聽(tīng)眾的認(rèn)可，我也用一個(gè)問(wèn)題回答他們：“你為什么要做這個(gè)演講？”多數(shù)情況下，回答是這樣的：“因?yàn)檫@是我樹(shù)立自己品牌的好機(jī)會(huì)。”或是：“因?yàn)槲覐募皶r(shí)次看到TED演講的視頻開(kāi)始，就夢(mèng)想能登上這個(gè)舞臺(tái)。”他們夠坦誠(chéng)，至少這一點(diǎn)還是值得稱(chēng)贊的。

然而，這些回答的問(wèn)題在于，他們都是以演講者為中心，而沒(méi)有以聽(tīng)眾為中心。TED的組織方從一千米之外就能嗅到這一點(diǎn)，而這正是決定演講成敗與否的關(guān)鍵。這個(gè)問(wèn)題的正確答案應(yīng)該是這樣的：“因?yàn)槲矣蟹浅?qiáng)烈的愿望去分享一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即使聽(tīng)眾之中只有一個(gè)人在心靈和思想上被觸動(dòng)，我也會(huì)心滿(mǎn)意足。”有了這個(gè)回答，即使視頻有質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，沒(méi)法傳到網(wǎng)上，這場(chǎng)演講也已經(jīng)成功了。

西蒙 斯涅克給過(guò)我一條建議，我也留給各位讀者：

最重要的一點(diǎn)是，我出場(chǎng)的目的是為了給予。我經(jīng)常在上臺(tái)之前大聲告訴自己：“今天你來(lái)到這里是為了分享你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。”不管什么時(shí)候做演講，我從不帶著從任何人身上獲取些什么的想法，比如生意、贊許、賣(mài)書(shū)、Twitter 上更多的粉絲，或Facebook上更多的“贊”。我出場(chǎng)是為了分享我所知道的東西。如果觀(guān)眾喜歡，他們就會(huì)鼓掌。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這也是檢驗(yàn)自己所給予的東西對(duì)觀(guān)眾是否重要的方法。

Speak about a topic you are passionate about.

From this book you will absorb a Swiss Army knife’s worth of techniques and tricks for delivering a powerful speech. As with any sharp object, please exercise caution. The single greatest danger in public speaking is losing authenticity by overengineering your talk. However, amazing things happen when you confine your speaking to a topic that you are passionate about. Your nerves subside. You automatically build persuasive arguments. Stories roll off your tongue. And your delivery becomes an afterthought. TED star Simon Sinek confirmed as much when I asked him how he delivered his magical talk:

When people ask me how I learned to speak I tell them, truthfully, that I cheat! I only talk about things I care about and about things I understand. I can’t manufacture passion. People who have kids can talk for hours about their kids. They tell story after story after story with such excitement. I do the same. The ideas I share are like children—I really, really care about them and I am excited to share stories about them to anyone who will listen.

Many people who write and speak about speaking advise you to figure out what the audience wants and then adapt your message to suit people’s needs. This well-intentioned advice has a downside. While it is important to tailor content to an audience’s needs, your alterations should be confined to cosmetic changes. For example, you might swap one vignette for another that your audience can more directly relate to. Or you might change the amount of background information you provide given your audience’s prior knowledge. I believe it is far better to seek out audiences who want and need your ideas rather than bending like a reed in the wind. Fortunately TED audiences are eager to experience any idea worth spreading that educates, entertains, and inspires them.

Having organized several TEDx events and been an advisor to organizers of many others, I am frequently approached by hopeful as well as established professional speakers for advice on how to get accepted to give a talk. Since I suspect most of you are more interested in improving your public speaking ability than in actually being on the TED stage, I will save a detailed overview of that topic for Part IV of this book. However, I would like to share with you the single most important piece of advice I share with them.

I respond to their question of how to get accepted for a talk with the question, “Why do you want to give a talk?” In most instances the response is, “Because this is a golden opportunity to build my brand,” or “Because I have dreamed of giving a TED Talk ever since I saw my first TED video.” You have to at least give them credit for their honesty.

The problem with these answers is that they are speaker centric rather than audience centric. TED organizers can smell this from a mile away, and it is a major turnoff. The right answer is, “Because I have an insatiable need to share an idea worth spreading even if it touches the heart and mind of just one person in the audience.” With that answer, you have succeeded even if your video has quality problems and never makes it online.

I’ll leave you with the advice that Simon Sinek gave me:

Most importantly, I always show up to give. I very often say it out loud to myself before I take the stage, “You’re here to share your ideas today.” Whenever I speak, I don’t show up wanting anything from anyone—e.g., more business, approval, sell books, more Twitter followers, or Facebook likes. I always show up to share what I know. If they like it then they will applaud, which is the best way for me to gauge if what I gave was important to them.