引論：我們為您整理了13篇英語本科畢業論文范文，供您借鑒以豐富您的創作。它們是您寫作時的寶貴資源，期望它們能夠激發您的創作靈感，讓您的文章更具深度。
篇1
Firstandforemost，Iwanttoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor，ProfessorCaoDaogen，whosepatientguidance，valuablesuggestionsandconstantencouragementmakemesuccessfullycompletethisthesis.Hisconscientiousacademicspiritandmodest，open-mindedpersonalityinspiremebothinacademicstudyanddailylife.Hegivesmemuchhelpandadviceduringthewholeprocessofmywriting，whichhasmademyaccomplishmentspossible.
Also，Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthisuniversity.Theirinstructionshavehelpedbroadenmyhorizonandtheirenlighteningteachinghasprovidedmewithasolidfoundationtoaccomplishthispaperandwillalwaysbeofgreatvalueformyfuturecareerandacademicresearch.
Mythanksalsogototheauthorswhosebooksandarticleshavegivenmeinspirationinthewritingofthispaper.
Lastbutnotleast，Iwouldliketoexpressmyspecialthankstomyparents，whosecareandsupportmotivatemetomoveonandmakemewanttobeabetterperson.
論文致謝二：
Uponfinishingthisthesis，Iwouldliketoexpressmygreatgratitudetowardsallthosewhohaveofferedmesincereassistanceinthethreeyears.
Firstandforemost，myheartythanksgotomysupervisor，ProfessorZhangRuwen，whohasgivenmeinsightfulsuggestionsandconstantencouragementbothinmystudyandinmylife.Furthermore，ProfessorZhang'spainstakingteachingandvaluableadvicehaveprofoundlycontributedtothecompletionofthepresentthesis.
Also，Iownmythankstoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtandenlighteningmeduringmystudiesinthecampus，forguidingmeinthefieldofresearchwork，whichisbothchallengingandfantastic.TheexperienceandprofitIobtainedwillbeofgrandimportancetomyfurtherstudies.
Finally，Iamalsogratefultomyfamilyandfriends，whoencourageandsupportmeandsharewithmemyworries，frustrations，andhappiness.
論文致謝三：
Iwouldlikeexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhooffergreathelpformythesis.
Firstandforemost，mydeepestgratitudegoestomysupervisorProfessorYuMuhong，forhisfather-likeencouragementandguidance.Heprovidedmewithabundantsuggestionsandpricelesscriticismsformywritingofthethesis.Butforhisconstantpatientguidanceandenlightenment，thethesiswouldhavebecomeamissionimpossible.
MysincerethanksalsogototheteachersfromtheSchoolofForeignLanguagesofZhejiangUniversityofFinanceandEconomics，whojointlyledmeintotheholytempleofacademicfield.Here，IwanttosendmygratefulnesstothoserespectedteacherslikeProf.WangBaorong，Prof.LiChangbao，Prof.ChenXianghong，Prof.ShaoYouxue，Prof.TengChao，Prof.CenQunxiaetc.Thankyouforyourbeingwithmeandbeingthewitnessesforthebirth，growthandperfectionofmythesis.
Ifeelindebtedtomyparents，withouttheirmentalandmaterialsupport，Icouldbarelyfinishthethesisontime.
Finally，mythanksshouldbesenttoallmyclassmates，fortheirendlesssupportandwarmhearts，makingmefeellikelivinginaunitedbigfamily.
論文致謝四：
Thecompletionofthethesisisattributedtomanypeople'ssupportandencouragement.
Firstandforemost，Iwanttoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor，ProfessorCaoDaogen，whosepatientguidance，valuablesuggestionsandconstantencouragementmakemesuccessfullycompletethisthesis.Hisconscientiousacademicspiritandmodest，open-mindedpersonalityinspiremebothinacademicstudyanddailylife.Hegivesmemuchhelpandadviceduringthewholeprocessofmywriting，whichhasmademyaccomplishmentspossible.
Also，Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthisuniversity.Theirinstructionshavehelpedbroadenmyhorizonandtheirenlighteningteachinghasprovidedmewithasolidfoundationtoaccomplishthispaperandwillalwaysbeofgreatvalueformyfuturecareerandacademicresearch.
Mythanksalsogototheauthorswhosebooksandarticleshavegivenmeinspirationinthewritingofthispaper.
Lastbutnotleast，Iwouldliketoexpressmyspecialthankstomyparents，whosecareandsupportmotivatemetomoveonandmakemewanttobeabetterperson.
論文致謝五：
Uponfinishingthisthesis，Iwouldliketoexpressmygreatgratitudetowardsallthosewhohaveofferedmesincereassistanceinthethreeyears.
Firstandforemost，myheartythanksgotomysupervisor，ProfessorZhangRuwen，whohasgivenmeinsightfulsuggestionsandconstantencouragementbothinmystudyandinmylife.Furthermore，ProfessorZhang'spainstakingteachingandvaluableadvicehaveprofoundlycontributedtothecompletionofthepresentthesis.
Also，Iownmythankstoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtandenlighteningmeduringmystudiesinthecampus，forguidingmeinthefieldofresearchwork，whichisbothchallengingandfantastic.TheexperienceandprofitIobtainedwillbeofgrandimportancetomyfurtherstudies.
Finally，Iamalsogratefultomyfamilyandfriends，whoencourageandsupportmeandsharewithmemyworries，frustrations，andhappiness.
論文致謝六：
Iwouldlikeexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhooffergreathelpformythesis.
Firstandforemost，mydeepestgratitudegoestomysupervisorProfessorYuMuhong，forhisfather-likeencouragementandguidance.Heprovidedmewithabundantsuggestionsandpricelesscriticismsformywritingofthethesis.Butforhisconstantpatientguidanceandenlightenment，thethesiswouldhavebecomeamissionimpossible.
篇2
一、關于職業道德修養
職業道德指的是從事某種職業的人在履行職業責任過程中必須遵循的操守、準則。職業道德是從業者的一種內在心理意識和信念，是在長期從業的過程中形成的自我約束機制，在行業內起著良好的導向作用。職業道德修養是從業者根據自身的職業特點接受鍛煉、教育以及陶冶的提高和完善過程，有他律的一面，但更多的是自律。
一名教師的職業道德修養程度不但關系該教師的教學和科研水平，而且還會在一定程度上直接或間接地影響著學生的思想和行為。同志在北京師范大學建校一百周年時指出，教師應當“志存高遠，愛國敬業；為人師表，教書育人；嚴謹篤學，與時俱進”。同志曾號召，要做“有理想信念、有道德情操、有扎實學識、有仁愛之心”的教師。
英語本科畢業論文評估主體的職業道德修養更多的體現為他們的自律行為。而自律就是他們在結合英語本科畢業論文評估工作特點而進行自我鍛煉、自我教育和自我陶冶行為和意識。評價和衡量英語本科畢業論文評估主體的職業道德修養，不能只是憑借幾個量化的指標，而是要依靠一些可以觸及良心、道德甚至是靈魂深處的正確理念和積極導向。一名具備高尚職業道德的英語本科畢業論文評估人員，其評估畢業論文的行為一定是積極樂觀、一絲不茍的，評估結果也一定是真實可靠、公平公正、心安理得和問心無愧的。
二、關于英語本科畢業論文的評估主體
評估英語本科畢業論文通常需要六個步驟，分別是確立評估標準、選聘評估主體、將論文交給評估主體、評估主體進行評估、評估結果反饋、對答辯的評估。在這六個步驟中，除了確立評估標準和選聘評估人員這兩個步驟之外，其余步驟均與評估主體密切相關，評估主體的重要作用不言而喻。
評估畢業論文首先要解決的三個問題是“誰來評”、“評什么”和“怎么評”。確定評估主體實際上就是解決了“誰來評”的問題。
對于一個好的評估主體來說，各成員之間的年齡、學歷、專業、性別等結構應該是合理的。黃猛和雷銀生等人認為，一個好的畢業論文評估主體應該由開題小組、指導教師、評閱老師以及答辯小組構成。
開題小組負責評估選題的價值、研究方法、論證的邏輯，并給出修改和完善的建議。指導教師負責評估論文的技術和非技術含量。評閱教師負責閱讀和評價論文定稿。答辯小組負責評估口頭答辯。
三、英語本科畢業論文評估主體的職業道德現狀
蔣桂芳總結說，當前我國高校教師在職業道德方面存在著這樣的一些問題：（1）政治信念不堅定。（2）缺乏敬業精神。（3）不能為人師表。（4）缺乏育人觀念。（5）治學不嚴謹。
作為高校教師隊伍中的一個群體，英語本科畢業論文評估主體也存在著蔣桂芳提到的職業道德問題。針對畢業論文評估這一工作，英語本科畢業論文評估主體的職業道德問題還突出地表現在這樣的幾個方面：（1）不能正確、客觀地看待畢業論文，對畢業論文本身的重要性存在錯誤的認識或認識不到位，不能按時、規范地評估畢業論文，有的時候還會帶著情緒開展評估工作。（2）不愿意主動學習、鉆研測試及評估領域的重要知識和理論，評估畢業論文時主觀性隨意性太強，打出的成績往往經不起同行的推敲，可解釋性不強，有的時候甚至無法說服學生。（3）評估主體各成員之間在評估的過程中往往各自為陣，缺乏應有的銜接與溝通，更談不上有效的團隊協作。
四、英語本科畢業論文評估主體的職業道德對評估工作的影響
篇3
本科畢業論文是高等院校教學計劃的重要組成部分之一，是實現高等院校專業培養目標和要求的重要環節。2000年頒布并在全國高等院校實施的《高等學校英語專業教學大綱》（以下簡稱《大綱》）中指出：“畢業論文是考查學生綜合能力、評估學業成績的一個重要方式。”對學生而言，畢業論文是檢驗其運用專業知識能力、分析問題能力和學術能力的標準之一。而對學校，畢業論文的質量是衡量高等院校教學質量的重要指標之一，也是檢驗學校行政能力的良好手段。因此，無論是學生、老師還是高等院校的行政管理部門都需對畢業論文工作給予高度重視。
一 制定適合本專業特點的畢業論文實施細則，全局宏觀把控畢業論文寫作
在《大綱》中，明確了“畢業論文一般應用英語撰寫，長度為3000～5000個單詞，要求文字通順、思路清晰、內容充實、有一定的獨立見解。”這一要求僅僅只明確了英語專業本科畢業論文的字數、撰寫語言和綱領性要求。而畢業論文究竟應該怎么寫、寫什么，學生還需要更為具體的細則來作為準繩。對本科畢業論文寫作而言，每個學校的畢業論文實施細則就是學生進行畢業論文寫作時的詳細指南。畢業論文實施細則一般要求各專業根據自身實際情況，列明論文進度安排、選題范圍和要求、撰寫語言、最低參考文獻數量等部分。一旦細則出臺并能嚴格執行，學生可從中了解本科畢業論文撰寫的詳細步驟和要求，學校也能從宏觀上根據細則把控畢業論文寫作的進度和質量。
以進度安排為例，畢業論文作為學術論文的一種，是對某個科學領域中的學術問題進行研究后表述科學研究成果的理論文章。由于本科生的研究深度欠缺，因此本科畢業論文需要學生將自己的研究建立在大量閱讀前人理論、研究和著作之上。英語畢業論文除中文文獻之外，還需要學生閱覽大量的外文文獻。這一過程是集翻譯、理解、分析、歸納、總結的一個綜合過程。所以在制定英語專業的畢業論文的進度安排時如能把整個論文進度提前，將有益于學生的研究。同樣，選題作為論文的重頭戲，一旦選定研究方向，切入點找得好，學生論文自然寫得也順暢，不會出現寫不下去、需要重新選題的情況。所以在制定進度安排時也可以適當延長選題的時間，讓學生能找準切入點，有時間將論文寫作的準備工作做充分，從而從源頭上提高論文質量。
二 制定符合本校實際情況的畢業論文審核及責任預警機制，實時調控畢業論文質量
《浙江省教育廳關于加強普通高等學校畢業設計（論文）工作的通知》（浙教高教〔2004〕137號）中指出：“畢業設計（論文）的質量也是衡量各校教學水平、進行學生畢業與學位資格認證的重要依據。各高等學校要充分認識這項工作的必要性和重要性，建立嚴格的管理制度。”畢業論文的質量一方面體現在學生研究問題和解決問題的能力及專業知識的聯系和運用上，同時也體現在導師的指導和學校的監管上。只有三方共同努力，才能分別從不同的角度協作，從整體上提高畢業論文的質量。因此，制定符合本校實際情況的畢業論文審核及責任預警機制就成為了提高論文質量最好的助推劑。
在選題和結構方面，可以建立從論文指導老師到論文小組再到專業的三層審核工作，層層匯報、層層負責的預警機制，充分運用專業老師的學術嚴謹性和權威性，而學校作為管理單位可以起到總體監督、避免重復選題的作用。而在語言嚴謹性和格式規范性方面則可以充分調動學生的自審能力，在專業和學校給出一定要求和參考模板的前提下，激發學生自查和互查的能力，互相取長補短有所學習和借鑒，從源頭上做好質量的保證，同時也可以大大提高專業導師在語言和格式方面的后續審查效率。學校管理層面以表格工具的形式走程序化管理線路，做到所有重要質量監控環節執行情況都有據可查。
篇4
1.3 Overview of the development of web-based study at home 2
1.4 The significance of the study 2
2. Literature Review 4
2.1 Definition of learning strategies 4
2.2 Classification of learning strategies 5
2.3 Studies on speaking learning strategies 6
2.4 Factors of influencing the choice of speaking learning strategies 8
3. The methodology 10
3.1 The subjects 10
3.2 Instruments 10
3.3 Data collection 11
3.4 Data analysis 11
4. Results and discussion 16
4.1 Frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies 16
4.2 Frequency of the use of different speaking learning strategies. 16
4.3 Differences in the use of speaking learning strategies by speakers with different factors 17
5. Conclusion 19
Acknowledgements 20
References 21
Appendices 23
1. Introduction
In this part, four sections are included. There are background of this study, the current situation in oral English learning of non-English major students, overview of the Internet development in China and the significance of the study.
1.1 Background of this study
With the fast development of society and the increasing openness to the world, the demands to communicate in English have been expanded to a large degree. College students are required to have a good competence in speaking before entering the society. But the fact is that the actual competence of college students in speaking is far from being satisfactory. It is necessary for us to improve the awareness of using strategies.
In the field of language learning and teaching over the last few decades, a prominent shift has taken place, resulting in great emphasis on learners and learning rather than teachers and teaching. The study of learning strategies has seen an “explosion of activity”. [1]105 In recent years although the history of research into speaking learning strategies is not very long, the study on speaking learning strategies can provide students with valuable suggestions on how to improve oral English in terms of accuracy, fluency, and complexity. Almost 15 researchers abroad have studied on speaking learning strategies. In China, Huang Xiaohua and Chen Sijin have done a great contribution to studies on speaking leaning strategies.
Nowadays, the development of computer science and technology and the prevalence of networks have deeply influenced people’s life, also the language study. However, there are still few researches on the web-based speaking learning strategies. The thesis attempts to make a study on web-based speaking learning strategies.
1.2 The current situation in oral English learning of non-English major students
In China, the teaching of English as a foreign language has been greatly influenced by the traditional education system. The traditional way still pay much attention to the examinations in schools, including colleges and universities either, rather than the application of language. Linguistic form is always the focus of both textbooks and language tests. Besides, under this model, one teacher is always in charge of many students in one class, so the teacher becomes the center of the class and there is little chance for the students to practice oral English. The English language learning is seen as a “knowledge-imparting” process and the English language learning is seen as a “knowledge-receiving’ process. Therefore, there is a misleading that English learners are regarded as passive recipients and do not need any initiative.
According to the investigation by Shi in 2000, college graduates who have strong speaking ability only account for 5%; those who are very weak in speaking account for 37%; those who are competent in international conference discussions account for 7% and those who are competent in foreign trade negotiations account for 14%. In spite of the fact that college students have a long history of learning English, the critical situation still not shift and the ability for the college students to speak English is far from satisfactory.
1.3 Overview of the development of web-based study at home
With the rapid development of computer science and technology and the prevalence of networks, people’s life has been influenced. According to “Survey Report on Internet Development in China” provided by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) in January 2007, study is the fourth main goal following getting entertained, making friends and getting resources. In English Learning Teaching, Multi-media Means have been also applied. No one can ignore the great influence of the Internet on people’s daily life, including English study. A lot of people have made full use of the Internet for English study, such as reading or listening global news, watching America or Europe movies or TV series, taking part in chatting rooms for English study, making frien ds from other countries online, etc.
Web-based study can make learning anytime, anywhere available, thereby providing the possibility for lifelong learning. It also changes the relationship between teachers and students and provides increased access to study. Besides, web-based study is a good way to improve the student's critical thinking and analytical skills. [2]245
1.4 The significance of the study
With the development of global integration and the increased frequency of international communication, new and higher requirements in English study are put forward for college students. Gradually, more and more non-English major students realize the importance of oral English study and try to find out ways to improve their own oral English to a higher level. However, due to the influence of traditional teaching methods, long-time examination-oriented concept and ignorance to oral English in people’s mind, the current situation of college students, especially non-English major students, in oral English is far from being optimistic. From 1960s, language researchers home and abroad have focused on the relationship between oral English study and learning strategies and made deep study on speaking learning strategies.
What’s more, the Internet and computer science has played a more and more important role in people’s life and influenced language learning further. It is evidently an admirable thing, but there is little guidance to the English study online. The study on web-based learning strategies is few, even the study on web-based speaking learning strategies is almost blank. Therefore, this paper chooses a certain amount of non-English major students in ZUST, and studies their present situation or problems during using speaking learning strategies online, hoping to help them to find a suitable way to study online and finally achieve the ultimate goal of improving oral English.
2. Literature Review
In this part, four topics are discussed respectively. They are: definition of learning strategies, classification of learning strategies, studies on speaking learning strategies, factors of influencing the choice of speaking learning strategies.
2.1 Definition of learning strategies
In most of the studies, speaking learning strategies are not separated from learning strategies. The general definition of learning strategies is “mental or behavior activity related to some specific stage in the overall process of language acquisition or language use.” [3]154 In the short history of researches on learning strategies, lots of researches abroad gave definition of learning strategies from perspective of their study. Here are some.
Weinstein and Mayer insist that learning strategies are the behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning. Learning strategies are intended to influence the learner’s encoding process. 54 The researchers above all think learning strategies are actions useful to language learning but differ in the way learning strategies work.
In 1990, Cohen defines learning strategies as learning processes which are consciously selected by the learners. The element of choice is important here because this is what gives a strategy its special character. These are also moves which the learners are at least partially aware of, even if full attention is not being given to them. 78
In addition, Tarone defines language strategies as “an attempt to develop linguistic and sociolinguistic competence in target language –to incorporate these into one’s interlanguage competence.” [11]65-66 Stern gives the definition as “best reserved for general tendencies or overall characteristic of the approach employed by the language learner, leaving techniques as the term to refer to particular forms of observable learning behavior.& rdquo; [12]57-58
2.2 Classification of learning strategies
2.2.1 Classification of learning strategies abroad
Learning strategies have been classified by many scholars. However, most of these studies do not differ much with each other. Here are three typical classifications:
In the classification of O’Malley and Chamots, there are 3 major types of strategies, namely, cognitive strategies, meta-cognitive strategies and social/affective strategies. [13]155 O’Malley and Chamot make the classification depending on the level or type of processing involved. The disadvantage of O’Malley and Chamot’s classification is that it has difficulties in its application because the definition of each strategies item seems to be a little vague.
The classification scheme provided by Oxford is believed to be the most comprehensive classification to date. Oxford divided language strategies into two major groups, namely, direct strategies and indirect strategies. [14]54-55
1) Direct strategies: Memory strategies, Cognitive strategies, Compensation strategies.
2) Indirect strategies: Meta-cognitive strategies, Social strategies, Affective strategies.
The classification by Oxford has been widely used and accepted.
Cohen, in his work Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language divided learners’ strategies into two types: language learning strategies and language using strategies. [15]124 Cohen’s classification seems clear and easy to understand, but it is difficult to tell whether it is for language learning or for language use. Besides, his study did not pay attention to meta-cognitive strategies, while many researchers believe that meta-cognitive strategies are one of the most important strategies to language learning.
2.2.2 Classification of learning strategies in China
As we know, in most of the studies, speaking learning strategies are not separated from learning strategies. In China, many researchers have made great contribution to learning strategies. In order to have a good understanding of learning strategies, many researchers focus on the classification of learning strategies. Cheng& Zhen and Wen are two prominent researchers.
Cheng& Zhen put forward two classification schemes. The first one is based on the role that strategies play in the learning process. There are cognitive strategies, meta-cognitive strategies, affective strategies and communicative strategies. The second one is based on areas of language knowledge and skills. There are strategies for learning pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and strategies for developing listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. [16]56
Wen draws a complete system for language learning strategies. In this system, language learning strategies are divided into two categories: the beliefs about language learning and the learning strategies. The former concerns a learner’s viewpoint about how to learn a foreign language, and these beliefs decide the learning strategies one uses. The latter is subdivided into two groups: management skills and learning skills. Management skills are usually related to the language materials, including making study plans, evaluating one’s progress, measuring and modulating one’s affective state and so on; while learning skills generally include how to acquire the abilities in listening, speaking, reading and writing, how to deal with new words, how to learn pronunciation and so on. [17]54
2.3 Studies on speaking learning strategies
2.3.1 Nature of oral English
Oral English is different from written English in many ways. Oral English is usually not pre-organized and neat as written English. The sentence in oral English is usually shorter, even not completed or simpler, sometimes wrong in grammar. Also, we can find that oral English is always much up-dated and could express speaker’s ideals by tones of voice, intonation and stress.
The words are being spoken as they are being decided and as they are being understood. Once spoken, they are gone. While the reader can reread, the listener can have memory problems that will lead to misunderstandings or a request for a repetition. Furthermore, the listener may miss a part of what was said, perhaps through noise, or a moment’s distraction. [18]85
2.3.2 Studies on speaking learning strategies abroad
With the further study of learning strategies, some researchers have made detailed study on speaking learning strategies. Speaking strategies, which are closely related to strategies as in McDonugh’s review, turned out to be a focus among researchers of SLA. L2 researchers on speaking strategies were always divided into two camps:
1) Socio-linguistically orientated researchers, such as Tarone, who considered such strategies as social interaction.
2) Psycho-linguistically orientated researchers, represented by Faerch and Kasper, who recognized them as part of a planning process.
Through employing the me thodology of interpreting transcripts of learners’ language，the two camps set a destination of ascertaining various lists of possible strategies available to L2 learners, which were separately described by Poulisse and Bialystok. [19]78-79
The most comprehensive project into speaking strategies was conducted at the University of Nijmegen by Kellerman, Bongaerts, and Poulisse in the 1980s. In these studies by the Nijmegen group, verbal report and other methods were used for investigating the situation of the use of L2 speaking strategies, especially those used in compensating for gaps in communicative ability.
O’Malley and Chamot conducted an empirical interventionist study, which “is one of the most comprehensive studies of learner strategies to date”. [20]65 After the test, the members who were given precise and clear training in meta-cognitive，cognitive，and social strategies and affective strategies improved significantly more than the controlled group.
Cohen, Weaver and Li investigated the effects of a range of speaking strategies on three tasks performed by university foreign language students: a self-description, a story retelling, and a description of a favorite city at University of Minnesota. In 2000, there are also three major studies reviewed by Cohen, which dealt with training of speaking strategies, founded on the categorization of speaking strategies. One study was conducted with a survey of 122 first-year and fourth-year students in the English Department at an Egyptian university，half students receiving the treatment and half in the controlled group. A second study involved 60 undergraduates in compulsory English for Arts Student course. 75
2.3.3 Studies on speaking learning strategies at home
From the early 1980s, researchers in China began to pay more and more attention to speaking learning strategies. A thesis named “An investigation of learning strategies in colloquial communication that Chinese EFL learners in China employ” was accomplished by Huang Xiaohua in 1984. In 1985, Huang Xiaohua took a further research on relationship between speaking strategies and speaking proficiency among seniors of English major in Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute. They found that the use of learning strategies was relative to increased language achievement or proficiency and learning strategies had been firmly affirmed to play an active role in language learning. [23]287-307
In 1990, Chen Siqing Published “A study of communication strategies in interlanguage production by Chinese EFL learners” in an international magazine—Language Learning. In the study, the frequency, type and efficiency of using communication strategies by twelve students of foreign language majors were observed and described. [24]24-26
2.3.4 Factors of influencing the choice of speaking learning strategies
During the recent studies on learning strategies, many researchers have found that the use of speaking learning strategies is affected by many factors. And the most common factors are age, language proficiency, learning style, learning beliefs, gender, motivation and culture.
1) Age has been found to affect the use of oral English strategies. Older learners often use complex, sophisticated strategies. Young children respond more readily and intuitively to language “acquisition” in social and communicative situations, while older learners can learn language more steadily by means of cognitive and academic approaches. [25]154
2) L2 proficiency Bialystock found that functional practice correlated significantly with second language proficiency in tenth graders, whereas functional practice, formal practice, and monitoring were related to L2 proficiency in twelfth graders. [26]25
3) Learning styles also affect the choice of L2 learning strategies. Learning styles make a big difference in choosing learning strategies or the learning behavior of an individual.
4) Learning beliefs, as researchers, Weden, Horwitz; Abranham and Vann; Gerardo; Pedro; Yang, suggested, play an important role in dictating the use of learning strategies.
5) Gender differences in the use of learning strategies are indicated by several studies of Oxford and Nyikos, Oxford and Green, Kaylani e.
6) Motivation is also important in successful second language learning. Gardner, D. & L. Miller are typical researchers. Schumann, Oxford and Nyikos, Ehrman and Oxford, Okada also concern much about motivation and learning strategies.
7) Culture may play an important role in shaping particular learning behaviors, as some researchers indicated. Researchers such as O’Malley, Politzer and McGroa try, Scarcella, Carson, Hino, Kohn, Carson and Nelson, Levine, Reves and Leaver and Parry make researches on it. [27]85
3. The methodology
The study was conducted to investigate the current situation of speaking learning strategies used by students from non-English majors who have oral English study online by means of questionnaire survey. The whole chapter is composed of the following components: the subjects, the instruments, data collection, data analysis.
3.1 The subjects
3.1.1 Purpose
The major purposes of the study are: 1) to study the frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies during oral English study online; 2) to find out the differences in the frequency of the use of different speaking learning strategies; 3) to identify the differences in the use of speaking learning strategies by speakers with different factors including gender, major, personality, self-rated proficiency level; 4) to point out that the positive use of speaking learning strategies online is helpful to the improvement of oral English.
3.1.2 Participants
The participants are 107 college students of non-English major in ZUST. They are from different majors and are respectively from science and arts. And also, they are from different grades of different levels.
3.2 Instruments
The questionnaire has been used to gather information on the speaking learning strategies used by students of non-English major who have oral English study online. The students are required to finish the questionnaire in 10 minutes. The questionnaire contains 30 questions, concluding 6 questions about meta-cognitive strategies, 4 questions about cognitive strategies, 6 questions about memory strategies, 4 questions about compensation strategies, 5 questions about affective strategies, and 5 questions about social strategies. It uses five scales ranging from A (“never”) to E (“always”). The latter letter indicates a more frequent use of the Internet or strategies. The first part of the survey questionnaire is for the status of using the Internet for oral English study in ZUST. The second part focuses on the use of six types of strategies. The detailed reflection of different speaking learning strategies used in oral English study online can be represented as below: 1) memory strategies, such as setting up nets of relationships, making use of image and sound, reviewing, acting and so on; 2) cognitive strategies, such as practicing, receiving, and conveying information, analyzing and inferring, setting up rules for inputting and output information; 3) compensation strategies, such as guessing, overcoming deficiencies of language knowledge in speaking and writing; 4) meta-cognitive strategies, such as focusing on key points of learning, arranging and planning learning, evaluating learning; 5) affective strategies, such as lowering anxiety, encouraging oneself, learning about one’s own state of affect; 6) social strategies, such as enquiring about questions, cooperating with others, sympathizing others. The questionnaire is in Chinese, in order to make the participants understand the items better.
3.3 Data collection
The students majoring in science, especially the students majoring in engineering and students majoring in arts of business trade and humanity in ZUST, take part in this survey. The survey conducted during a week in April in 2010. There are different methods or procedures to collect the data in the researches of speaking learning strategies, such as observation, interview, questionnaire, verbal report, diary, etc. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages as well. But considering time-saving principal and the conception of building an environmental society, this survey is made online. During this period, we contact 3 students majoring in engineering in ZUST and then other students to take part in the survey. The students are required to answer the questionnaire in 10 minutes. The participants are advised not to be so bad in English to guarantee the quality of the survey. Then the data will undergo descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics indicate the average level of the use of speaking learning strategies, the difference between two sets of scores, such as the relationship between some learners’ factors and the use of speaking learning strategies, such as gender, major, personality, self-rated proficiency, and the possibility and reliability of the data.
3.4 Data analysis
This paper analyzes the data collected in the research. Section one indicates the frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies during oral English study online. Section two shows the differences in the frequency of the use of different speaking learning strategies. Section three provides the differences in the use of speaking learning strategies by speakers with different factors including gender, major, personality, self-rated proficiency level. For the convenience of calculating, A (“never&rd quo;) to E (“always”) in the questionnaire count 1-5 scores gradually. And all use mean and Std. Deviation to make a contrast between each other and check the possibility of the results.
3.4.1 Frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies
Table 3.1 Frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies online and in real life
Category Online In real life
Overall strategies 2.50 4.02
Memory strategies 2.30 4.33
Cognitive strategies 2.57 3.04
Compensation strategies 2. 82 4.83
Meta-cognitive strategies 2. 53 3.12
Affective strategies 2.19 3.03
Social strategies 2.24 4.08
The table 3.1 above shows the mean scores of the use of speaking learning strategies online and in the real life respectively. It is clearly that the frequency of the overall use of speaking learning online only accounts 2.50, greatly lower than that in the real life, which holds 4.02. Besides, the respective scores of the use of different speaking learning strategies are relatively lower than that in the real life.
3.4.2 Frequency of the use of different speaking learning strategies
Table 3.2 Frequency of the use of different speaking learning strategies
Category Mean Std. Deviation
Memory strategies 2.30 2.29
Cognitive strategies 2.57 3.33
Compensation strategies 2. 82 4.91
Meta-cognitive strategies 2. 53 5.18
Affective strategies 2.19 3.43
Social strategies 2.24 3.07
The table 3.2 above shows the mean scores and std. deviation of the use of different speaking learning strategies online. As the survey shows, the most frequent speaking learning strategies used by students are compensation strategies, which accounts for 2.82. The latter two are cognitive strategies and meta-cognitive strategies, which accounts for 2.57 and 2.53 respectively. Affective strategies only have 2.19, which are comparatively low to the overall level.
3.4.3 Differences in the use of speaking learning strategies by speakers with different factors
3.4.3.1 Use of the speaking strategies by different gender
Table 3.3 Frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies by different gender
Category Male Female
Overall strategies 2.33 2.67
Memory strategies 2.28 2.32
Cognitive strategies 2.53 2.61
Compensation strategies 2.51 2.55
Meta-cognitive strategies 2.49 2.57
Affective strategies 2.18 2.20
Social strategies 2.21 2.27
From table 3.3, we can see that there is no big significant difference in using memory strategies, cognitive strategies, compensation strategies, meta-cognitive strategies, affective strategies and social strategies between different genders. The overall strategies used by females hold 2.67, higher than 2.33 for males. The use of learning strategies by females is more frequent than the males. Also, the scores of respective speaking learning strategies by the females are always higher than the males.
3.4.3.2 Use of the speaking strategies by different majors
Table 3.4 Frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies by different major
Category Science Arts
Overall strategies 2.36 2.64
Memory strategies 2.25 2.35
Cognitive strategies 2.51 2.63
Compensation strategies 2.59 2.47
Meta-cognitive strategies 2.31 2.33
Affective strategies 2.15 2.23
Social strategies 2.19 2.29
From table 3.4, the overall use of speaking learning strategies by students from arts occupies 2.64, while the use of those from science occupies 2.36. The students from arts use speaking learning strategies a little more frequent than those of the science. Also, this contrast between males and females can be seen by the scores of each speaking learning strategies in the table3.4.
3.4.3.3 Use of the speaking strategies by different personalities
Table 3.5 Frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies by different personality
Category Extroverted Introverted
Overall strategies 2.50 2.42
Memory strategies 2.27 2.33
Cognitive strategies 2.58 2.56
Compensation strategies 2.56 2.50
Meta-cognitive strategies 2.28 2.34
Affective strategies 2.19 2.17
Social strategies 2.26 2.21
From table 3.5, the scores of the extroverted students and the introverted students are near the same. And it is not fixed that the scores of the extroverted ones are higher than the introverted ones by each strategies. The score of memory strategies by the introverted occupies 2.33, 0.05 higher than the extroverted. Also, we can see that the score of the meta-cognitive strategies by the introverted is 0.06 higher. There is no big difference in the use of the speaking strategies with different personality, but normally the speaking learning strategies used by the outgoing and confident students are more frequent, especially social strategies, affective strategies and compensation strategies.
3.4.3.4 The use of the speaking strategies by different self-rated proficiency levels
Table 3.6 Frequency of the use of speaking Learning
strategies by different self-rated proficiency level
Category High Medium Low
Overall strategies 2.53 1.61 0.89
Memory strategies 1.84 1.71 1.12
Cognitive strategies 2.19 1.97 0.98
Compe nsation strategies 1.51 1.57 1.90
Meta-cognitive strategies 2.57 1.63 0.83
Affective strategies 2.83 1.88 0.67
Social strategies 2.11 1.54 0.83
In this part, students are divided into three groups by self-rated proficiency level, namely, high, medium and low. Table 3.6 clearly shows that the strategies used by the participants are significantly and positively related to their proficiency level. The good students with higher-rated proficiency level use more speaking learning strategies and relatively the students with low-rated proficiency level use less speaking learning strategies. In addition, the compensation is often used by the ones who are relatively weak in English, which occupy 1.9 point in the table 3.6.
4. Results and discussion
4.1 Frequency of the use of speaking learning strategies
As the survey shows, the overall use of speaking learning strategies online is still low. The possible reason should be:
First, the college students have not thought high of or even realized the great potential and function of the net to learning. Although the Internet can capture students’ attention easily, it is not often used for study. Students are used to and willing to study in class or by textbooks or homework.
Second, even though a part of students realized the value of Internet to study, they do not know how to study. The further negative effect is that they lose the interest in oral English practicing easily. This may need the teachers to guide them and enlighten their mind with fleshing ideas, innovation and updated rich information about the ways to practice oral English on the Internet.
Third, there is no admirable and pleasant atmosphere for web-based study. As nearly all the students live in the dormitory, they are easily affected by each other. So, an environment full of interaction is advocated. The teachers or the students themselves could build some forums, unions or study groups to arise the atmosphere of study.
The last but not the least, the Internet has so much temptation to allure the students to have some entertainment. So, the Internet itself may reduce the speaking learning use. Students are always weak in self-motivated learning ability and ability to study independently online. As to this, the students themselves should pay more efforts on it.
4.2 Frequency of the use of different speaking learning strategies.
From the data we can see that the most frequent speaking learning strategy used by students online is the compensation strategies. This may be the reason that the average oral English level of non-English major students is not high and a big amount of them is low. When they could not understand what the other talks about during the conversation, they will ask them to repeat or slow down the speed. Since the storage of their vocabulary is limited, when they could not remind of the words or sentences needed, they will choose other words or sentences to replace these words or sentences. And when they could not express themselves clearly, they will try to give examples to elaborate it.
The lower ones to compensation strategies in the survey are cognitive strategies and meta-cognitive strategies. It is gratified that students have an identifying goal of study in English learning and they also take advantage of the Internet resources under a pleasant condition by watching America movie or TV series or listening VOA, BBC, etc. They also try to seek the better way to improve oral English and have the ability to make arrangements.
Affective strategies, memory strategies and social strategies are comparatively lower in the data. Students are easy to be depressed about their oral English and sometimes have the thought to let it be. When confronted with new words on movies, TV series, websites, chatting online, etc, students will not write them down or try to find their meanings. Social strategies could contribute much but are limited by the traditional study habits online. Students have not formed the habits to practice English by e-mails, chatting rooms or other methods online.
4.3 Differences in the use of speaking learning strategies by speakers with different factors
As we can see from the use of the speaking strategies by different genders, majors, personality, and self-rated proficiency level above, English learning factors do affect the oral learning inline.
As to the gender, females pay more attention to the use of speaking learning strategies and have more talents in language learning. Female students are not engaged in many entertainments such as games, etc. But both males and females should make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages
As to the major, the scores of the students majoring in arts are conspicuously superior to the students majoring in science. The thinking pattern and the advantage of sharing emotion and social practice of the students majoring in art makes them superior in the use of speaking learning strategies, while the students majoring in science pay much on the technologies and data than language itself.
As to personality, the extroverted ones gain much. The extroverted personality always represents confident, outgoing and communicating or sharing much with others. The confident and outgoing ones always have a higher self-rated proficiency. If one is more confident and outgoing, then he or she will pay more efforts on how to improve oral English and gain more opportunity to have a communication with others.
As to self-rated proficiency, it is clear that the students with higher self-rated proficiency level use more speaking learning strategies and the students with lower self-rated proficiency level use less speaking learning strategies. In turn, the ones who use varied speaking learning strategies more frequently can always achieve better outcomes in oral English. But as the Internet is only one assisting tool to oral English learning, so, we can not say that it is definitely a deciding factor. But it is sure that frequent use of strategies do contributes to the results of the oral English learning.
At present, however, not too many students regard the speaking learning strategies important, and have not formed a good study mode online. So, I would like to bring up some advice for reference: 1)lowering anxiety and practicing step by step; 2)preparing and planning for using speaking learning strategies; 3)selecting and using proper and suitable strategies for yourself; 4)summarizing your oral study and making adjustments accordingly; 5)going outside and practicing more and more. How to get rid of the barriers of the negative factors and make full use of the positive ones is a wise but a difficult thing. Also, to make full use of the Internet in study and put the speaking learning strategies into the oral English study online are meaningful but still a long way.
5. Conclusion
The above discussion of study and research is by no means comprehensive but it deserves our study.
Nowadays, Internet is an interesting and fashionable thing to us. It has attracted our eyeballs for a long time and occupied plenty of our time as well. The introduction of Internet brings new vigor to teaching and learning process, but it also tends to be inefficient during the study. Thus, the frequency of using speaking learning strategies online is low. This requires the proper use of speaking learning strategies and efforts by the students.
As the study shows, the most frequent speaking learning strategies used online is compensation strategies. It may after all be accepted as a good way to circumvent the weakness in oral English, but not a good and long-time way to improve oral English level. Other strategies do deserve to use and have some requirements to the learners: the use of cognitive strategies and meta-cognitive strategies requires learners know how to make arrangements for study and have the ability to self-control during the study online. The study of affective strategies shows that an enterprising and perseverant mind is advocated in practicing oral English. Memory strategies request the learners to be more diligent and hardworking to English study. At last, the social strategies are functional and demand the students to explore more gateways of practicing oral English online.
It is evident that learners’ factors can easily affect the use of speaking learning strategies online and some factors can not be changed at once. But, if the learners could foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, and absorb the shining points from the others, there will be a new look of oral English learning.
Speaking learning strategies is by no means helpful to the improvement of oral English, although this paper could not give affirmative support to it. But we can see that the good learners always use speaking learning strategies more frequently.
All in all, it is greatly expected that the learners could make full use of the website and speaking learning strategies during the study online and there will be a better atmosphere of practicing oral English online in the future.
Acknowledgements
My initial thanks go to my supervisor Louqing, who patiently supervised my dissertation and was at times very willing to offer me illuminating advice or suggestions. Without her help, I could not have finished this dissertation.
I am also indebted to other teachers and my classmates who have not only offered me their warm encouragements but also shared with me their ideas and books. They are Yangxue, Chenliang, Fanyanlong, wangbo and many others.
My greatest personal debt is to my grandparents and parents, who have cultivated a soul of sensitivity, hospitality, and honesty out of me, and offered a harbor of happiness and sweetness for me.
The remaining weakness and possible errors of the dissertation are entirely my own.
References
［1］Skehan, P. Individual Differences in Second Language Learning[M]. London: Edward Arnold, 1991:105.
［2］Tav angarian D.& Leypold M.E., Noiting K., Roser M. & Voigt D. Is e-Learning the solution for individual Learning?[D]Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 2004:245.
［3］Ellis, R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994:154.
［4］Weinstein, C & R. Mayer. The Teaching of Learning Strategies[M]. NewYork. Macmillan, 1986:74.
［5］Chamot, A. The Learning Strategies Handbook. NY[M]. Longman, 1987:96.
［6］Rubin, J. Language Learning Language Strategies: What every teacher should know[M]. Boston: Heinle & Heinele, 1990:156.
［7］Oxford, R. L. Variables Affecting Choices of Language Learning Strategies by University Students[M]. Modern Language Journal, 1989:24.
［8］Ellis, R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994:54.
［9］Cohen, A. D. Language learning: “Insights for learners, Teachers and Researchers”[M]. New York: Newbury House Publishers, 1990:67.
［10］Cohen, A.D. Weaver, S. & Li, T-Y. The Impact of Strategies-based Instruction on Speaking a Foreign Language[M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1998:78.
［11］Tarone, E. Some Thoughts on the Notion of “Communication Strategies” [J]. London: Longman, 1983:65-66.
［12］Stern, H. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching[M]. Oxford University Press, 1983:57-58.
［13］Oxford & O’ Malley. A Study of Learning Strategies in Foreign Language Instruction: First Year Report[M]. Rosslyn, Va.: Interstate Research Associates, 1987:155.
［14］Oxford, R.L. Language learning strategies: What Every Teachers Should Know[M]. New York: Newbury House, 1990:54-55.
［15］Cohen, A. Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language[M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000:124.
［16］陳曉堂，鄭敏.英語學習策略[M].北京：外語教學與研究出版社,2002:56.
［17］文秋芳.英語學習成功之路[M].上海外語教育出版社,2003:54.
［18］Bygate, M. Speaking[M]. Oxford University Press, 1987:85.
［19］McDonugh, S.H. Strategies and Skill in Learning a Foreign Language[M]. London: Edward Amold, 1995:78-79.
［20］Ellis, Rod. Learning a Second Language Learning Through Interaction[M] Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1999:65.
［21］Nunan, D. The Learner-Centered Curriculum: a Study in Second Language Teaching[M]. Cambridge University Press, 1990:45.
［22］Dornyei, Z. On the teachability of communication strategies. TESOL Quaterly[M].TESOL Quarterly, 1995:75.
［23］Huang, X. H. & M. Van Naersson. Learning Strategies for oral communication[J]. Applied Linguistic, 1987:287-307.
［24］陳思齊.英語專業大學生交際策略的使用研究[J].外語教學,1990:24-26.
［25］Ehrman, M & Oxford. Effects of sex differences, career choice, and psychological type on adult language learning strategies[M]. Modern Language, 1989:154.
［26］Bialystock, E. The role of conscious strategies: A psychological Analysis of Second Language use[M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981:25.
［27］陳善瓊.語言學習策略在中學英語口語教學中的應用[D]. 四川師范大學,2007:85.
Appendices
浙江科技學院非英語專業大學生網上英語口語學習策略調查問卷
一、個人簡況
姓名:
性別: A 男 B女
科別： A 理工科 B文科
你的性格特征： A內向 B外向
你認為你目前的英語綜合水平： A很差 B一般 C優秀
二、網上英語口語學習策略調查
（元認知策略使用情況調查）
1、我尋求好的網上口語練習的時間和地點。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
2、上網學習時，我能把握上網學習的時間和內容。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
3、對于如何上網提高英語口語能力，在不同時期，我有明確的目標。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
4、我總在尋求更好的口語學習方法。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
5、我思考和評價自己的上網學習方法從而找出存在的問題和解決方法。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
6、在說話前， 我先把想說的話組織好再說。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（認知策略使用情況調查）
7、我瀏覽各種英文網站、聽英文錄音VOA,BBC,. etc及看英文視頻等，聽和練習口語。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
8、在用英語聊天時，我會猜想對方下一句會說什么。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
9、聽VOA,BBC，. etc 或歐美劇等英文視頻時，我會模仿其說話方式、語音語調及用詞。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
10、聽VOA,BBC，. etc 或歐美劇等英文視頻時，我會小聲跟著說。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（記憶策略使用情況調查）
11、我反復觀看喜歡的歐美劇，以便加深印象。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
12、記單詞時， 我會想到同根的詞或近義詞、反義詞等相關詞匯。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
13、在英文網站上遇到新單詞我就猜它的意思。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
14、一遇到生詞就查字典嗎?
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
15、我把上網遇到的生詞記在單詞本上。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
16、我用金山詞霸等網上字典在線查找生詞的意義及用法。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（補償策略使用情況調查）
17、QQ聊或聊天室語音等方式交流時， 我會努力猜測TA接下去將說什么。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
18、QQ聊或聊天室語音等方式交流時， 當不懂對方所言時，會請求對方重復或放慢語速。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
19、QQ聊或聊天室語音等方式交流時， 當與別人交談時想不起某個詞 時， 我會使用同義詞（組）。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
20、當不能表達自己時， 我會舉例等方式進行解釋。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（情感策略使用情況調查）
21、在網絡環境中害怕別人發現你英語方面的不足嗎?
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
22、為了把口語說好，我經常自我鼓勵。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
23、說英語緊張時， 我會想辦法消除它。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
24、上網學習英語后，我的學習興趣提高了。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
25、我會與家人、同學、老師等探討口語學習的感受
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（社交策略使用情況調查）
26、用英語寫郵件或聊天時，我請對方糾正我的錯誤。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
27、通過網上交流很容易在學習上和同學結成朋友。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
28、必要時，交談借助手勢、表情等進行表達。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
29、交談時，我把精力放在意思表達上。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
30、在口語表達時，我直接向對方表示自己遇到困難，向對方尋求幫助。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
浙江科技學院非英語專業大學生非網絡狀態下英語口語學習策略調查問卷
（元認知策略使用情況調查）
1、我尋求好的網上口語練習的時間和地點。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
2、學習時，我能把握學習的時間和內容。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
3、對于如何提高英語口語能力，在不同時期，我有明確的目標。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
4、我總在尋求更好的口語學習方法。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
5、我思考和評價自己的學習方法從而找出存在的問題和解決方法。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
6、在說話前， 我先把想說的話組織好再說。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（認知策略使用情況調查）
7、我參加有利于英語提高的活動，聽和練習口語。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
8、在用英語聊天時，我會猜想對方下一句會說什么。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
9、聽英語時，我會模仿其說話方式、語音語調及用詞。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
10、聽英語時，我會小聲跟著說。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（記憶策略使用情況調查）
11、我反復朗讀喜歡的英語文章，以便加深印象。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
12、記單詞時， 我會想到同根的詞或近義詞、反義詞等相關詞匯。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
13、遇到新單詞我就猜它的意思。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
14、一遇到生詞就查字典嗎?
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
15、我把遇到的生詞記在單詞本上。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
16、我會努力查找生詞的意義及用法。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（補償策略使用情況調查）
17、英語聊天時，我會努力猜測TA接下去將說什么。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
18、英語聊天時，當不懂對方所言時，會請求對方重復或放慢語速。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
19、英語聊天時， 當與別人交談時想不起某個詞時， 我會使用同義詞（組）。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
20、當不能表達自己時， 我會舉例等方式進行解釋。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（情感策略使用情況調查）
21、害怕別人發現你英語方面的不足嗎?
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
22、為了把口語說好，我經常自我鼓勵。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
23、說英語緊張時， 我會想辦法消除它。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
24、一番努力學習后，我的學習興趣提高了。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
25、我會與家人、同學、老師等探討口語學習的感受
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
（社交策略使用情況調查）
26、用英語聊天時，我請對方糾正我的錯誤。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
27、英語打開新的世界，結交更多的朋友。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
28、必要時，交談借助手勢、表情等進行表達。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
29、交談時，我把精力放在意思表達上。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
30、在口語表達時，我直接向對方表示自己遇到困難，向對方尋求幫助。
A從不 B很少 C有時 D經常 E總是
謝謝您的合作!
誠 信 承 諾
我謹在此承諾：本人所寫的畢業論文《基于網絡的英語口語學習策略研究》均系本人獨立完成，沒有抄襲行為，凡涉及其他作者的觀點和材料，均作了注釋，若有不實，后果由本人承擔。
篇5
本科畢業論文是本科人才培養的最后一個重要的綜合性實踐教學環節，是學生培養計劃中不可或缺的一部分。在英語專業教學中，畢業論文的撰寫不僅有助于英語專業學生鞏固大學四年所學的基本理論、知識和語言技能，而且有利于培養本科生創新思維、獨立分析與解決問題的能力以及科研能力等。畢業論文寫作不但具有本科教學中其它教學環節所不能替代的實踐性和綜合性作用，同時也是衡量和檢驗高校本科教學工作質量的一個重要環節。2012年3月出臺的《教育部關于全面提高高等教育質量的若干意見》中，特別強調要“強化育人環節，加強實踐教學管理，提高實驗、實習實訓、實踐和畢業設計（論文）質量”。然而，近年來，各高校畢業論文質量普遍下滑，引起了教育界的廣泛關注。基于這一現狀，筆者以本校英語專業2012級和2013級部分畢業生為研究對象，通過問卷調查和訪談等形式來分析探討本校英語專業畢業論文存在的問題，并擬提出改進措施，以期為今后畢業論文質量的提高提供一定的參考依據。
二、基于問卷調查的對比研究
1.問卷設計。為了提高問卷調查的有效性，在開展問卷調查之前，筆者所在課題小組成員對我校外語學院2012級論文指導教師（43名）開展訪談，并對指導教師所反映的問題進行了記錄。基于前期的理論綜述和指導教師反饋，本組成員將問卷調查設計為29個問題，其中前27個問題為選擇題，后兩個問題為開放式問答。問卷調查的內容涵蓋了論文撰寫前的準備階段，論文撰寫過程階段以及論文撰寫后的評價階段存在的主要問題，每個階段涵蓋不同的側重點。論文撰寫前，著重了解學生對于畢業論文的重要性認識，了解學生選題出現的困難以及學生對于論文指導教師的評價。論文撰寫過程中，主要側重于學生論文撰寫中的難點，主要存在于論文撰寫時間、論文文獻查找以及語言組織能力三個方面。論文撰寫后，著重了解學生對于論文的答辯管理評價、論文的評定管理評價以及論文的質量管理評價三個方面。
2.問卷實施。本問卷設計完成之后，本課題組5名指導教師首先抽取各自指導論文的2012級學生共計80進行了問卷調查，于答辯結束之后開展了問卷調查的數據收集和整理工作。發下問卷調查80份，回收有效問卷78份。本課題組成員針對問卷調查中出現的問題進行了研討，并提出了改進措施。具體措施如下：（1）加強學生對于畢業論文重要性的認識；（2）加強指導教師與學生的溝通，將學生的興趣與教師的研究方向相統一；（3）增加指導教師修改論文次數；（4）適當延長論文撰寫時間；（5）提高文獻查找能力；（6）加強培養學生的語言組織能力；（7）加強答辯過程的過程管理；（8）規范論文評定標準；（9）加強論文的質量管理。本課題組成員一致在2013級的論文指導工作中堅持這九項措施，在2013級的論文指導工作中嚴格要求。隨后本組成員收集各自指導論文的2013級學生共計80進行了問卷調查，發下問卷調查80份，回收有效問卷80份。隨后開展了問卷調查的數據收集和整理工作，分別形成了對照組和實驗組。
3.問卷調查結果和討論；經過兩次的問卷調查和統計，本組成員獲得了數據，并對此進行數據分析，具體分析如下：
表1和表2收集的是論文撰寫前學生準備撰寫論文的數據對比。表1數據表明，實驗組較對照組對論文的重要性要明顯提高，這組數據說明加強論文重要性教育是必要的，只有充分認識到論文撰寫的重要性才能調動學生撰寫論文的積極性和創造性。表2數據顯示出實驗組比對照組在選題與教師一研究方向一致性有所提高，這也與本組指導教師在選題階段與學生加強溝通有直接的關系。說明學生論文選題受指導教師影響較大。學生選題與教師的研究方向一致性的提高，也有利于教師發揮自身專L，利于論文指導工作的展開。
表3至表6收集的是論文撰寫過程中的撰寫時間，修改次數以及學生存在主要的困難的數據對比。以上數據顯示實驗組教師修改學生論文次數明顯高于實驗組，這個結果在另外一項問題（你對你的指導教師是否滿意）中也得到數據支持，學生對于教師的論文修改次數的提高有積極的評價。同時實驗組比對照組撰寫畢業論文時間普遍長1到2周，該數據對比使老師在實驗組加強論文指導和監督的結果，同時也是實驗組學生重視論文撰寫的體現。對于學生論文撰寫中出現的困難，表5體現的論文撰寫中查找文獻途徑受限，該數據對比表明實驗組的上網查閱文獻比例高于對照組，實驗組中完全不查閱文獻的情況沒有出現。反映出本組指導教師在實驗組學生中加強文獻檢索指導，學生網上檢索文獻的能力有所提高。另外表6中實驗組和對照組在論文撰寫中，語言組織一直是難點。不少學生習慣用翻譯軟件組織語言，致使全篇論文中式英語隨處可見。該數據說明語言的積累并不是一蹴而就的，學生的語言基礎決定了學生的語言組織，與指導教師的指導并無直接關聯。
表6至表9收集的為論文撰寫后學生對相關的評價數據對比。以上數據表明，實驗組比對照組對答辯過程、論文評定和論文質量管理方面的評價明顯提高，說明本組指導教師對實驗組的論文答辯、評定、管理三方面的改進與優化提高了學生對以上三項的結果評定。因此，規范論文考核、制定科學合理的畢業論文評價和管理體系對于提高畢業論文質量有著積極的意義。
三、結論
通過對我院2012級和2013級畢業論文質量管理分三個階段進行實證研究和分析，表明提高論文質量必須做到如下幾點：一是要加強學生對畢業論文的重視，需要通過各種形式的教育，使學生都能從思想上認識到畢業論文的重要性。二是要充分發揮指導教師的指導作用，合理安排教師的工作量，保障教師的論文指導時間。三是管理層要加強畢業論文過程監控，規范畢業論文評價和管理機制，從制度上保障畢業論文工作的開展。問卷調查法是本研究的主要方法，由于問卷調查樣本不夠大，被調查者人數有限，一定程度上也影響了本研究的實證研究結果。
參考文獻：
[1]高等學校外語專業教學指導委員會英語組.高等學校英語專業英語教學大綱[M].北京：外語教學與研究出版社，2000.
[2]穆風英.英語專業本科畢業論文的調查和與思考[J].徐州師范大學學報，2001（4）：138-142.
[3]楊宇紅.英語專業本科畢業論文的調查和反思[J].蘇州科技學院學報（社會科學版），2009（3）：108-112.
[4]張奕，王健.構建多維化的英語專業本科畢業論文管理體系[J].中國高教研究，2005（9）：71-72.
篇6
電大開放教育畢業論文寫作是實踐教學環節中的一項重要內容，是培養學生理論聯系實際、鍛煉學生獨立工作能力的有效手段，也是人才培養質量的重要體現。根據開放教育本科英語（教育方向）教學計劃的規定，學員在基本修完本專業規定的必修課和選修課后，進入以撰寫畢業論文為主的集中實踐環節。但目前來看，電大開放教育英語本科畢業論文寫作質量參差不齊，影響了論文整體質量。針對其中存在的一些亟待解決的問題，我們有必要進行認真思考與分析，更好地解決它們，使電大開放教育英語本科畢業論文的質量得到有效提高。
1開放教育本科英語專業畢業論文寫作中存在的問題
1.2學生寫作目的不明確，寫作態度不端正。
畢業論文是檢驗學生知識水平和實踐能力的主要手段，是學生運用所學專業知識分析問題、解決問題，使理論與實踐相結合的重要訓練。它既是教學過程的需要，更是培養目標的需要。可是，這種重要性和必要性并沒有得到學生的充分理解和重視。相反，有的學生對畢業論文寫作馬虎應付，存在僥幸心理，企圖蒙混過關；有的學生則存在懼怕心理。因為除了完成一般畢業論文所要完成的各個環節以外，英語專業的學生還需用全英文進行畢業論文的寫作，但很多人認為自己是成人業余學生，沒有能力用英語來寫論文，因而缺乏相應的自信。
1.2 論文觀點不明確，敘述多，論證少，類似經驗總結。
由于外語專業畢業論文既要檢查學員的語言水平，又要考察論文內容，因此對學員論文的新穎性要求不高，但一定要求觀點明確。有的學員在Introduction 部分寫了不少的字，但不知道他提出了一個什么問題。例如題目為"On Teaching English Reading in the High School"的論文，作者在開頭部分講了"In a word， English reading is very important in the middle school. I will discuss it from the following aspects according to my teaching experience."看了這些內容，大家認為他下面要寫的是經驗和心得體會，至于主要觀點是什么，讀者依然不明白。這種不能明確論點的論文，是沒有價值的，也是不符合規范的。
針對以上論文寫作中存在的問題，我們有必要對開放教育英語本科專業畢業論文的特點做一個全面系統的了解。
2開放教育英語本科專業畢業論文的特點
開放教育英語本科專業（教育方向）學員所寫的畢業論文除了具備學術性（scholarly）、創新性（original）、規范性（formal）這幾個畢業論文的基本特征外，還具備了英語教育方向的獨特性：即職業性（professional）和過程性。
具體來看，本科英語的畢業論文設計分為問題分析、方案設計、項目實施、項目評估和項目報告幾個階段。學員的研究必須針對其課堂中確確實實反映出的問題；方案的設計必須符合要求；實施階段必須嚴格監控，保證有一個月的實施時間；指導教師對學生的研究要如實評估；項目報告，也就是最后的論文必須符合論文的寫作規范，要體現指導過程。
3改進和加強開放教育英語本科階段論文寫作實踐環節的措施
根據開放教育英語本科專業畢業論文的特點及學員在論文寫作過程中出現的問題，筆者提出以下幾個方面進行改進措施。
3.1進一步提高本校指導教師、外聘教師及學生對畢業論文寫作重要性的認識。
3.2以英語專業畢業論文指導書為依據，開設畢業論文指導課。
開放教育英語本科階段針對論文寫作環節有一本專門的指導書《論文項目設計》（顧曰國主編，外研社出版），但是以往由于各種原因，我校都沒有開設這門課，采用的是讓學生自學的方式。筆者建議應該由專門的老師系統的講授這門課，讓學員了解電大開放教育英語本科論文的特點及特殊要求，從而避免把普通高校英語本科畢業論文的要求與電大開放教育英語本科專業的畢業論文混為一談；同時，通過講授這門課，讓學生熟悉英語論文寫作流程，明確英語論文寫作規范，少走彎路。
3.2加強學生寫作基本功的訓練。
提高寫作水平必須從基礎抓起。學生在平時的自主學習中要加強基礎語法與句型的訓練，加強詞的詞性、用法、搭配等的學習。輔導教師則可以通過加強對《高級英語寫作》這門課的面授輔導，提高學生的英語寫作能力；同時加強對《跨文化交際》、《英語國家社會與文化入門》等涉及語言文化課程的面授輔導，讓學生更多地了解英語的思維方式和寫作習慣。教師在導學的過程中還可以通過適當的案例（《跨文化交際》這門課中就有很多）把母語和英語進行比較，找出兩種語言的差異，提高學生英語表達的準確性。
結語。
畢業論文寫作是一個極其艱辛的實施過程，改進和加強開放教育學員畢業論文寫作的措施也有待于進一步探索。綜上所述，只要指導教師能幫助學生端正論文寫作態度，明確寫作的目的，建立積極的撰寫心態，同時合理地指導學生選題，安排論文撰寫時間，那么我們有理由相信在師生共同的努力下，開放教育本科英語階段的論文寫作的質量一定能得到大的提高，電大開放教育培養"實用性、應用性"人才的辦學宗旨，也一定能得以體現。
篇7
英語專業本科畢業論文作為判斷學生是否能夠畢業的條件，旨在全面衡量學生的綜合語言應用能力以及分析、研究和解決問題的能力。[1]因此， 英專本科畢業論文的評判標準包括語言表達能力的高低和是否具備獨立的見解、創新的意識。通過撰寫畢業論文，學生不僅展示自己的語言表達能力、專業知識水平，更重要的是了解學術研究方法，培養初步的學術研究能力，對未來的工作和學習是有重要價值和意義的。因此，在教育部的本科教學評估中，畢業論文是重要的考察指標，一定程度上反映了該專業本科教學的質量。
從畢業論文的寫作中我們不僅可以清楚學生的語言表達能力，更能把握學生的分析能力、論述能力和解決問題的思維能力，綜合概括之即思辨能力。近年來，英語專業學生思辨缺席的問題已成為英語教育專家們關注的焦點問題之一。對外語專業學生思辨能力的批評之聲在高等教育界此起彼伏。本文管窺英語專業畢業論文中思辨缺席的問題，并從一直以來的傳統的外語教育模式上尋找原因，提出相應的教學對策，分析提高英語專業學生畢業論文寫作思辨能力的教學途徑。
二、英語專業本科生畢業論文思辨缺席現象
畢業論文的質量問題暴露了英語專業學生的思辨缺席現象嚴重，有研究者指出英語專業學生畢業論文的主要問題包括態度不夠端正、學術研究能力較低、語言表達能力欠佳。我國的英語專業本科生階段缺乏學術研究氛圍、缺乏足夠的學術指導、缺乏足夠的論文寫作訓練。[2]就畢業論文的思辨缺席問題而言，主要存在以下問題：（一）部分學生論文的論點毫無新意，論文只是在重復他人的結論，并且選題陳舊；（二）論文泛泛而談，沒有運用、分析、評價和創造等思維的創新；（三）有的論文題目大而空，完全是缺乏思辨的介紹性文章；（四）論文本身只是簡單的拼湊和堆砌材料，少有論述和辨析，沒有運用分析、綜合和判斷，因此結構松散、論證乏力；（五）在遇到需要探究、分析以及闡述某些現象的根本原因時，不能找出事件背后的本質和主要矛盾，往往思維混亂，只是淺顯的指出表面能看到的東西。
三、英語專業本科生畢業論文思辨缺席成因
這樣的結果將會是培養出在未來沒有創新能力也不可能有創造性成果的英語專業學生和教師，這一定程度上說明了現在英語專業教師抱怨論文難寫以及缺乏論辯能力的原因。畢業論文的思辨缺席問題充分的暴露出英語專業教學的薄弱環節及存在的各種問題。長期以來，英語專業教學以追求專四和專八通過率為導向，重視全面培養語言技能，在教學過程中學生重視語言的模仿和記憶，忽視分析和思辨訓練，教師也忽略了對學生邏輯思維和分析判斷能力的培養和訓練。由此，學生缺乏發現問題、提出問題和解決問題的能力。
雖然高校多開設了學術英語寫作指導課程，但該課程無論是課時還是教師指導的學術訓練都嚴重不足，課程教學效果甚微。在英語專業整個課程體系中，學術英語寫作和專業寫作課程的設置，其教學資源的投入與畢業論文的權重形成極大反差，學生在實際的撰寫階段仍對論文寫作認知和實踐知識一片空白，加之畢業論文指導教師指導的不理想，學生在大四階段求職升學等事情的諸多干擾造成論文難寫、不會寫現象普遍。
四、針對畢業論文思辨缺席問題的對策
針對以上問題，為達到“以寫促思”、“以思促研”的多種能力建構的培養目標，有必要對英語專業大二到大四的學生進行學術論文寫作訓練，包括以下三個部分：
第一，在整個英語專業課程學習中因勢利導的對學生進行學術熏陶，喚醒學生的學術意識，樹立堅定的學術信念。教師還應鼓勵學生多渠道的拓展學術視野，養成良好的閱讀習慣，學會多視角的觀察事情并具備發現問題的能力，為大四的畢業論文寫作獲得寫作靈感而做好前期的準備。
第二，教師應不斷提高自身的學術研究能力，教師間廣泛交流學習掌握前言學術動態，在教學中向學生傳授學科基本研究方法、論文寫作知識、學術研究特點、寫作一般步驟，論文基本篇章結構，并結合具體范例講解寫作策略和技巧。根據學生現有的和臨界的能力對論文主題選擇、寫作質量、論文長度等提出循序漸進的要求。學生每學期完成1-2篇論文，并在論文完成后以書面形式對寫作過程和研究結果進行反思。
第三，教師應就論文寫作與學生保持密切的交流和聯系，并對寫作過程進行細致管理。在論文寫作前，教師首先介紹有關的研究理論和發展動向，幫助學生選題，指導學生從網絡和圖書中獲取信息并有效的提取和分析資料。然后安排學生異質分組交流討論，就主題的研究提綱、框架等展開集體的思辨。
總之，為了切實改變當前英語專業本科畢業論文的現狀，提高畢業論文的質量，教師應認真反思課程教學，強化畢業論文的過程管理，在培養學生語言技能的同時培養其思辨能力和科研能力。
[參考文獻]
篇8
一、高校英語專業畢業論文困境分析
本科生畢業論文寫作是訓練和培養本科生科研素質的重要教學實踐環節。然而，當前我國許多高校英語專業畢業論文寫作存在抄襲現象嚴重、同質化現象普遍、寫作不規范、選題陳舊、立意不清、質量低下等諸多問題。筆者通過廣泛地調研和多年的畢業論文指導教學經驗，總結出造成畢業論文工作問題重重的原因主要包括以下三個方面：（1）高校本科生畢業論文工作一般都安排在大三下至大四畢業的三個學期開展，學生撰寫畢業論文的時間正是用人單位招聘和學生復習考研的高峰期。大多數學生由于不得不投入大量精力用于找工作和復習備考，因此客觀上造成他們沒有太多精力去顧及畢業論文的選題和寫作，對畢業論文質量的重視程度不夠。（2）許多高校鮮有專門針對本科生科研素質培養以及指導學生寫作專業論文的課程。本科生在進行畢業論文寫作時，由于沒有經過專業素養的培訓和練習，從而缺乏必要的文獻檢索能力和學術規范意識，在一定程度上也影響了畢業論文質量的提高。（3）學生和畢業論文指導老師的初次接觸大多始于大三下學期的畢業論文選題階段，彼此間在還不夠深入、全面了解的情況下就直接進入了論文選題和撰寫環節，缺乏了必要的磨合和適應環節，也為后期指導過程中教師無法高效并因材施教地給學生提供論文寫作指導埋下隱患。
畢業論文寫作教學的重要性和畢業論文現狀的不近人意兩者間日漸彰顯的矛盾張力凸顯了當前急需改進英語專業本科畢業論文指導工作的緊迫性。本文倡導將本科生導師制引入至英語專業本科生畢業論文指導當中，讓本科生導師兼任論文指導教師的職責，以期為解決當前國內高校英語專業畢業論文指導中的教學困境、提高論文指導成效和提升學生綜合科研素質尋找出路。
二、本科生導師制與英專畢業論文指導研究概述
導師制是書院教育的精髓，其核心理念是因材施教和個性化培養，一直以來都是歐美諸多一流大學培養學生的重要教育形式。導師制最早源于14世紀英國牛津大學，被譽為“牛津皇冠上的寶石”。本科生導師制指在本科教育階段引入導師制，聘請有經驗的專業教師在大學四年的教學過程中對學生進行思想引導、專業輔導和心理疏導，從而促使教學與教育結合、教育與管理掛鉤，實現教書和育人的有機結合。本科生導師制以促進“人的全面發展”為核心理念，遵循“因材施教”的教育規律，將單純的教學活動提升到教育的高度，這是開展素質教育的新途徑。在本科生導師制的實施過程中，導師需對學生實施教學和思想的教導、學習方法與技巧的引導，并對學生的疑問提供解答。我國自20世紀90年代開始在高等教育本科教學階段逐漸引入本科生導師制。當時以北京大學、浙江大學為代表的一大批高校曾在部分院系中嘗試本科生導師制并由此掀起研究熱潮。但是隨后由于高校擴招和師生比的不斷攀升，本科生導師制漸漸陷入困境，與此相關的研究也停滯不前。筆者通過中國知網在線搜索發現，國內人文科學類別下以“本科生導師制”為主題的學術論文始自2004年至今總數僅16篇。這些研究多是對本科生導師制內涵、推廣意義和實施措施的理論性討論（孟憲軍，2004;靖國安，2005;姜暉，2011;周志高，2012），教學實踐性研究還十分欠缺。
關于英語專業畢業論文指導的研究現狀，目前國內相關文獻不僅數量較缺乏，而且該領域研究還存在研究內容比較分散、研究方法較為單一的問題。通過梳理和查閱中國知網、萬方、維普等數據庫，我們發現現有英語專業畢業論文方面的文獻內容涉及的有：關于指導對策（王秋華，2002）、寫作方法（翟忠和，2000;宋飛，2001;尤肖南，2004）和引文規范的（鐘偉珍、黃國文，1999;劉新民，2001），有針對管理、評估或寫作教學具體環節作較深入論述的（李家云，1999;余曼筠，2001;黃小蘋，2002;李萍，2003），還有調查現狀的研究報告（穆鳳英，2001;王崇義，2004;楊宇紅，2009;張春芳，2011）。然而針對畢業論文指導的教學環節探究卻很少。其中從本科生導師制視角探究畢業論文指導的研究論文更是鳳毛麟角，僅2篇（劉洪泉，2005;王娟，2007）。正是在這樣的.研究背景下，我們試圖在本文中通過教學實踐的方式探究本科生導師制在本科生畢業論文指導環節中的應用價值。
三、本科生導師介入下的英專畢業論文指導模式探究
1.模式設計和內容。本科生導師制作p為輔導員和專業課任課教師工作的延伸和拓展，重視師生間的人際互動，體現出對學生的人文關懷，注重挖掘學生獨立性和創造性的教育理念，注重對學生實施“個性化培養”，是培養復合型人才的有效途徑。在本科生四年的大學生涯里，導師通過跟蹤式的指導方式對學生進行學業、生活和思想等方面的引導，密切了教與學之間的關系，體現了對大學生全面發展和終身學習的極大關懷。將本科生導師制融入到英語專業畢業論文指導中，讓本科生導師兼任論文指導教師的職責，使得對學生畢業論文的寫作指導成為本科生導師四年導師生涯中的一個自然終結環節，對提高論文指導成效和提升學生綜合素質有極為重要的實踐應用價值。在具體的教學模式實施環節里，我們擬通過本科生導師介入式的英專畢業論文指導實踐達到如下教學目標：（1）喚醒學生對畢業論文寫作的元認知意識，激發其論文寫作的主觀能動性;（2）根據學生特長、知識面和發展需求，引導學生將論文選題和自身職業發展相結合，增強其創新意識和自主學習能力;（3）通過分步驟、有側重的教學實踐，加深師生間的交流和互動，保障學生畢業論文寫作時間和提高論文的總體質量;（4）通過個性化指導，鍛煉和提高學生的學術規范性、創新意識和思辨能力。
2.模式的教學價值。現有本科英語專業畢業論文指導因教學和實踐時間過短、學生對科學研究認知不足、論文指導教師和學生間了解不夠等諸多弊病的影響，存在優質論文“難產”、學生科研動手能力和創新思辨能力難以得到實質性提高等問題。上述本科生導師參與畢業論文指導的應用模式可為解決上述教學問題提供實踐策略，具體表現在以下四個方面：（1）導師能創造機會讓學生提早體驗科研實踐和畢業論文寫作，增強其對學術研究的認知并為其畢業論文的寫作爭取更多的實踐時間;（2）導師和學生間的人際互動，保障了導師對學生的全面了解和論文指導的針對性;（3）導師采用個性化培養方式，引導學生將畢業論文選題和其今后職業發展相結合，可增強其創業創新意識和自主學習能力;（4）導師分步驟、有側重地因材施教，可在保障學生論文質量的同時，加強其學術規范性，提高其創新思維和科研實踐能力。進一步概括即為，英語專業學生在本科學習階段，畢業論文的撰寫采用本科生導師制兼任論文指導教師的思路，這是緩解當前畢業論文質量普遍偏低、學生學術意識不強、論文指導教學效率不高等教學瓶頸問題的一劑良藥。
四、結語
本科生導師兼任畢業論文指導教學工作可優化師資配置，在保證對學生實行個性化指導提高其論文寫作質量的同時，還能因材施教地提升學生的科研素養及他們的創新和思辨能力。筆者認為本科生導師制是近年來高校教書育人工作正在探索實踐的一項制度創新，將其應用于英語專業高年級畢業論文教學研究還處于嘗試和建構階段，亟待教學實踐的檢驗和完善。筆者也希望后續能有更多的項目采用問卷調查、教學實踐等多元研究方法，運用定性和定量數據，對本科生導師制在畢業論文教學中的應用效果展開綜合性研究，推動本領域實踐性研究的進一步發展。
參考文獻：
[1]姜暉，孫永君.高校英語專業導師制模式構建與探究[J].長春大學學報，2011，（12）：155-157.
[2]孟憲軍.關于實施本科生導師制之理論探究[J].黑龍江高教研究，2004，（3）：68-70.
[3]穆鳳英.英語專業本科生畢業論文的調查與思考[J].徐州師范大學學報，2001，（4）：138-142.
[4]孫文抗.英語專業學士論文寫作現狀分析[J].外語界，2004，（3）：59-64.
篇9
Chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. But when we put into pratice , many Chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. Therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese . It is necessary to combine the traditional research on Chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our Chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of Linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. We believe that, the process in conformity is not always Smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit China and the world finally .
III. Literature Review
Subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern Linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in Linguistics.
1, Subject is originated form the western grammar systems . In general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . According to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , Keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . The following are conclusion Trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including Keenan(1976) (參見石毓智，2019):
Subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. Subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:
1 Subject represents independent substance;
2 Subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;
3 Subject restricts the agreement in verbs;
4 Subject is the topic with no mark;
5 Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.
6 Subject is usually lack of morphological markers.
7 Subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.
His conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . Concerning Chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in Chinese. For example, Trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . He neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . Because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. And he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our Chinese .As in Chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.
2 , In 2019, Shi Yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in Chinese. His conclusion is as followed :
The form of the subject can be placed both in subordinate clause and sentence.
Subject can be focused.
Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun.
And its semantic characters are :
Subject is the actor of behavior act.
Subject is the main body of nature and state.
Shi thought that the main difference butween subject and topic is that subject is the ingredient of grammatical structure while topic belongs to the discourse concept. The former one can be put into sentence and subordinate clause; the latter only can stay in sentence aspect. But his method to distinguish subject to topic seems to be a bit vague.As in Chinese, there is a kind of sentence in unusual order, for example: “書小王看完了”. In Shi’s opinion, that is a topic structure for it can not be placed in a clause. But in fact, it belongs to a classical subject-predicate sentence. “書” is either the subject, or the topic.
3 , Since Zhao Yuanren introduced ‘topoc’ into our grammar study in Chinese , the scholars in Chinese home and abroad keep going with research on topic . Li Na & Thompson are the representatives on this issue. They’ve done a systematic contract to subject and topic. They said that topic means what is about in the sentence while subject is what the verb predicates; topic can not be indefinite and generic but subject can ; topic have to appear at the front of a sentence while subject is allowed to appear in the sentence; there always be a pause between topic with other parts of a sentence.But in Chinese , it is not necessary that the topic appear at the front of a sentence. For example: “老師，這件事讓我來處理吧。” In this sentence, “這件事” is the topic ,but it doesn’t appear at the front of a sentence.
4 , It is generally accepted that subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics . But Xu Liejiong & Liu Danqing(1998) didn’t . In their thesis, they consider topic as a ingredient of syntactic structures. Just like suject and object , the topic also share a position in a sentence. As an independent ingredient , each of them should has its own position and can not be overlapped. Then, let’s analyze this following sentence “小張不來了。”. “小張” is the subject and topic at the same time. subject and topic have been overlapped, so it doesn’t work to consider topic as an ingredient of syntactic structures.
5 Qu Chengxi(1996), as a specialist of functional grammar, thought that if one only adopt his own theory when he is doing research on Chinese grammal , he will always feel impractical. We should try to appreciate other’s thinkings or even accept them if available and no conflict arisen. And I think his opinion is quite fit to grammar study on Chinese.
IV. Methods and Materials
Through reading materials from library and the Internet, I’ve acknowledged much about subject and topic in Chinese and English and their differences . Many scholars have defined the subject and topic in many different angles, such as the form, cognition,function and so on. I prefer to study subject and topic from functional grammar than from the others. At the same time , it will be basic on cognition and communication.
V. Discussion
Guided by the literature review, there is a point we should make sure, subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics whatever our research goals are and from different angles. At the same time , we have to accept that Chinese is a language that is lack of morphological change and is very difficult to distinguish subject from topic. So when we are doing this kind of research , we should try our best to define it clearly ,especially formally.
VI. Outline of the Paper
1. Introduction
2.Subject and topic in English
2.1Subject in English
2.1.1 Dispute over subject in English
2.1.2 Definition of subject in English
2.1.3 Choice of subject and its semantic role
2.2Topic in English
3. Subject and topic in Chinese
3.1Subject in Chinese
3.1.1Importance of subject to Chinese
3.1.2 Choice of subject and its semantic roles
3.2Topic in Chinese
4. A Comparison between Chinese and English
4.1 Subject in Chinese and English
4.2 Topic in Chinese and English
5. Conclusion
VII. References
[1]曹(Cao)逢甫主題在漢語中的功能研究[M]. 北京: 語文出版社, 1995: 36
[2]屈(Chu)承熹. 漢語認知功能語法[M].黑龍江: 黑龍江人民出版社，2019:2~5 .
[3]屈(Chu)承熹. 漢語功能語法芻議[J]. 世界漢語教學. 1998,4:28-42
[4]屈(Chu)承熹. 從漢語的焦點與話題看英語中的Y-Movement及其它倒裝句[J]. 外語學刊. 1993.3
[5]石(Shi)毓智. 漢語的主語與話題之辨F[J]. 語言研究. 2019, 43(2): 82-91.
篇10
基金項目：本文系常州工學院教學改革研究課題重點項目（項目編號：J120306）的研究成果。
中圖分類號：G642.477 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1007-0079（2014）02-0201-02
本科畢業論文是本科教育教學重要的實踐性教學環節，是高校實現人才培養目標的重要內容。畢業論文既是對學生在大學期間專業學習的總結深化，也是對高等院校教學質量的綜合檢驗，論文質量不僅反映了學生專業知識的掌握程度、科研思維的養成程度和寫作技巧的運用程度，而且折射出學校教育教學的質量和水平。應用型本科院校學生學習注重實踐性，較少涉及到學術研究，因此導致畢業論文指導和寫作產生一些質量問題，指導老師在指導論文時常常事倍功半，而學生在論文寫作時常常無從下手，因此有必要對畢業論文中存在的問題、產生問題的原因進行分析，從而找出提高畢業論文質量的路徑，發展和完善教育教學管理方法。
一、調查方案設計
本次調查以無記名問卷調查的方式，調查了常州工學院經濟與管理學院2013屆畢業生及參與2013屆畢業論文指導的相關教學管理與指導的老師。學生的調查問卷共發放397份，有效回收率為93.45%；指導老師的調查問卷共發放70份，有效回收率為77.14%。
二、調查結果與分析
1.對畢業論文意義的認識
關于如何看待畢業論文的撰寫這個問題，有21.83%的學生認為沒有必要，有78.17%的學生認為有必要，是畢業必須的過程，也是對大學所學知識的總結。說明相當一部分學生根本沒有學術研究的興趣，因此對于論文采取排斥的態度。盡管如此，對于另一個問題“認為自己的論文寫作態度如何？”僅有不到5%的學生認為自己是應付過關或極不認真的，其他95%以上的學生認為自己對待論文很認真，所以從主觀上來說，大部分學生能認真對待論文。
影響學生寫作態度的因素依次是哪些？調查結果顯示，排名最前的是就業壓力，由于所調查學生中91.91%畢業后去向是工作，面臨極大的就業壓力，不得不花很多時間跑人才市場，尋找實習單位，希望盡快找到適合的工作，畢業后馬上進入心儀的工作崗位。排名第二的是畢業實習和畢業論文完成的時間安排與求職時間沖突，因此導致精力無法集中。指導老師對論文寫作的督促也是影響寫作態度的重要因素，在論文寫作的各個環節被認真指導和嚴格要求的學生明顯能克服惰性或調整安排，認真對待論文寫作，論文質量也能得到保證。
2.畢業論文撰寫前準備
雖然畢業論文的實際撰寫安排在大四學年，但是論文的撰寫需要系統的知識積累和寫作訓練，因此畢業論文撰寫前的專業知識儲備，是否有相關的寫作訓練，對科研論文的寫作是否有足夠的了解等都會影響畢業論文質量。
（1）對“畢業論文寫作前是否有專門的學術論文寫作培訓”的調查結果顯示：83.02%的人回答在畢業論文撰寫前有安排過論文寫作培訓。對于這些寫作培訓，28.03%的學生認為有很大幫助，44.74%的學生認為幫助有限，有10.24%的學生認為此類培訓沒有任何幫助，有16.98%沒有參加過集中培訓。培訓方式主要是大規模講座或小范圍內指導老師非系統的指導，調查結果顯示這樣的培訓方式并不理想。
（2）對“在撰寫畢業論文前的科研情況”調查結果顯示：18.6%的學生參與過課題或調研活動，通過交叉分析，主要是市場營銷專業的學生做一些市場調研活動或者專業課程中需要進行一些社會調查；僅有1.62%的學生寫作且發表了論文，說明在平時的課程學習中很少有學生有意識地培養自己的學術能力。22.37%的學生寫作但未，平時在課程學習中，有的課程也會要求撰寫小論文，但是大部分小論文的質量都未達到能發表的標準，可見缺乏創新性或實踐性。一半以上的學生認為自己沒有寫作過學術論文，可能是因為平時課程中并沒有要求寫小論文，或者要求寫小論文時并非自己認真查資料、認真思考后寫成，極有可能是東拼西湊而成。
（3）對“論文寫作過程和要求是否了解”的調查結果顯示：66.85%的學生清楚了解寫作的過程，33.15%的學生并不清楚具體寫作流程，只是跟著指導老師的要求完成相關的內容。對于論文寫作的詳細要求有2.16%的學生表示不清楚，58.49%的學生表示基本清楚，僅有39.35%的學生表示非常清楚寫作要求。學生對寫作要求、評價標準不熟悉，就很難確立一個適當且明確的目標，對寫作流程不熟悉，也很難制定好適合自己的寫作計劃，這些都不利于論文質量的提高。
3.對選題的調查
畢業論文是由選題、學生撰寫與教師指導交互的過程管理、答辯等諸多環節所構成的綜合性實踐教學，其中選題是首要的關鍵環節。
（1）論文選題來源調查結果顯示：59.57%的論文選題是學生自己感興趣的課題。第二大來源是指導老師指定一個選題。有部分學生在寫作中期會出現選題無法完成的情況，而這些選題往往是指導老師指定或是學生不熟悉的熱點問題，學生自主選題的效果比較好。究其原因，研究是一個艱難且枯燥的過程，研究工作的進行往往以研究者極大的求知欲及對所研究問題的極大興趣為持續的支持力和驅動力。在進行畢業論文選題時，充分發揮自己的主觀能動性，將自己所要從事的研究課題與長期以來經過學習與思考并發生興趣的問題聯系起來，不僅可以使學生持續地獲得支持力，而且也可以提高學生自己進行畢業論文研究的責任感，因為自己的選擇本身就是一種承諾。所以學生在平時的課程學習中選定某個研究方向，對某些專業問題能有所思考，在撰寫畢業論文時集中精力研究某個專業問題，能有效提高畢業論文質量。
（2）對論文選題類型的調查結果顯示：371名被調查者中有88人選題類型是調查研究類的，占到總數的23.72%。比重為10%以上的其他選題類型依次是案例分析、理論研究、文獻綜述和理論應用。
4.對資料收集的調查
一般本科畢業論文在選題確定之后，開始進入資料收集階段。資料主要分為文獻資料和數據資料，資料來源主要有社會或市場調查、生產實踐、次級數據庫。調查結果顯示，文獻資料主要是通過學校圖書館、專業書籍、網絡資源（如知網、百度文庫等）獲得。數據資料主要從次級數據庫，如統計年鑒、政府或其他部門所公布的專門數據、調查公司所出售的專業數據庫等獲得。調查顯示，在撰寫論文的整個過程中，數據資料的收集花費了很多時間，查找文獻的途徑較少，影響了論文的質量。
5.對論文撰寫的調查
（1）對“畢業論文的主要環節按重要性程度由大到小進行排序”的調查結果顯示：論文選題是學生認為最重要的環節；其次是構造論文框架，擬定提綱；采集數據，收集文獻資料位居第三，研究方法或論證方法位居第四，文獻梳理被排在后面，可見學生在論文寫作前對相關文獻的閱讀、思考和理解還偏少，很多人都沒有認識到文獻的重要性，或者沒有辦法收集到足夠的文獻資料，在論文中的文獻綜述只是能找得到的論文的簡單堆砌，并沒有對以往相關研究進行概括總結從而提出自己的觀點。
（2）對“撰寫畢業論文的困難按照綜合得分進行排序”的調查結果如表1所示。“專業水平低、基礎知識不扎實、最新理論研究不了解”是撰寫畢業論文遇到的第一只攔路虎，在排序中位于第一，且遠高于位于第二的“資料搜索困難”。由于客觀條件的限制，目前學生能使用的專業數據庫比較少。從“撰寫畢業論文前的準備”的調查中可知，作為應用型本科的學生并沒有接受過系統的專業學術論文的指導，也沒有相關的專業訓練，畢業論文是第一次真正撰寫學術論文，因此“寫作能力不足的缺陷”成了第三只攔路虎。排序第四的是“缺少指導”，排在前面的三大困難意味著學生的寫作能力和經驗均不足，幾乎是一片空白，需要手把手從頭教起，因此需要的指導時間更長，指導內容更詳盡。作為本科老師，平時還有繁重的教學和科研任務，導致了時間和精力上的沖突。排在第五的是“寫作時間緊張”，雖然下達論文任務是在大四上學期，實際撰寫論文的時間大多是大四下學期，而這段時間剛好是考研、考公務員、考職稱或證書，跑人才市場、面試、實習等的時間，就業壓力壓縮了撰寫論文的時間。論文選題一般，沒有創新性，外文翻譯水平不高，無科研經費等也是論文撰寫中遇到的困難。
6.對教師指導過程的調查
（1）關于指導老師的指導內容，問卷調查的結果顯示指導最多的是審閱論文并批改，371人中有282人選擇。其次是幫助選題，有273人認為老師的指導對于自己選題的確定有幫助。位于第三的是論文撰寫過程中給予輔導，比重為67.92%。這一調查結果表明教師在指導論文時要加強過程管理，注意增加平時的輔導和管理，而不能只是注重開始的選題和最后論文的修改。
（2）關于指導方式的調查，結果顯示有一半以上選擇定期集中討論和指導的方式，頻率一周一次的居多，占比為55.53%，兩三天見導師一次的占比為19.41%，半個月見導師一次的占比為23.72%，交流時間間隔在半個月以上的僅有1.34%。論文指導主要通過面對面的交流來完成，在見面不方便的情況下，大多選擇電話溝通、短信交流、電子郵件和QQ等溝通方式。學生和老師都認為面對面交流的溝通方式更有利于學生闡明問題和老師幫助解決問題。
7.對答辯環節的調查
答辯環節是進一步考查和驗證學生對所寫論文的認識程度和當場論證論題的能力，因從主觀上學生不愿意參加答辯，關于是否希望參加論文答辯這個問題，38.01%的學生回答不希望，但是也有61.99%的學生回答希望參加論文答辯，原因可能跟論文答辯對提高論文質量所起的作用有關。按照學校有關規定，論文答辯中提出的問題需要學生修改完成后才能定稿，而答辯的過程恰好是學生重新思考和論證自己論題的過程，答辯時答辯小組提出的問題是幾位老師集思廣益之后的結果，對此進行修改可以大大提高論文質量。
三、提高應用型本科畢業論文質量的對策
從問卷調查、深度訪談和日常教學實踐中發現，畢業論文并非是個孤立的環節，提高畢業論文質量應當將整個教學過程這個大系統劃分成若干個相對獨立的子系統，分別建立自己的質量管理體系，確定質量目標，并把構成體系的基本要素（過程）一一區別開來，增強過程之間協調程度，促使各大管理環節有機結合，最大限度實現預期質量目標。畢業論文教學環節就是教學大系統中的一個比較關鍵的子系統。因此應從系統的角度提出提高畢業論文質量的對策。
從調查中發現，專業水平低、學術論文寫作能力差是學生在撰寫畢業論文時的最大障礙，也是影響畢業論文質量的重大因素。因此需要以專業特點為基礎設立教學目標，以社會和市場變化為導向促進創新，將學生論文寫作能力的培養納入教學計劃，以全流程思想為指導建立系統化的畢業論文教學體系，將寫作能力的培養分階段滲透到日常的教學生活中。對同一批學生的培養應成為一個系統工程，既不存在重復階段，也不提出過高要求，使得學生的論文寫作能力能循序漸進、逐步提高。畢業論文正式撰寫前期寫作能力的培養可以分為六個階段：選定專業方向，閱讀指定文獻，做讀書筆記，了解學術論文撰寫需掌握的要素；結合社會問題和專業研究熱點，指定題目，檢索相關文獻，做讀書筆記；指定題目，做文獻綜述，學習如何從只會簡單摘錄前人的研究成果轉變為站在巨人的肩膀上，提出新的觀點，解決新的問題；指定題目，設計文章框架，學會圍繞一個主題，重點突出，有理有據地闡明觀點，解決問題；指定范文，練習方法，模擬做論文；自定題目，做論文。平時教學中注重畢業論文能力的培養也有助于學生對相關文獻和資料的積累，減少畢業論文撰寫的時間，同時在畢業論文撰寫階段也能減少對指導老師的依賴。因此，將畢業論文的教學納入整個教學體系中，統籌管理，能解決大部分論文寫作中的困難。
參考文獻：
篇11
1.1調查對象
選擇2011年9月-2012年4月在4所二級甲等以上醫院實習的本科生52人作為調查對象。納入標準：（1）在醫學院校學習醫學知識3年或者4年，最后一年在臨床實習中需撰寫畢業論文的本科生；（2）被調查時正在從事醫學院校臨床實習；（3）愿意參與本項調查。其中男2人，女50人；年齡22-25（23.2±0.8）歲。專業：護理專業33人，占63.5%，其他專業19人，占36.5%。實習醫院等級：三級醫院42人，占80.1%，二級醫院10人，占19.2%。
1.2方法：采用問卷調查法
1.2.1通過參考有關文獻及與本科生座談資料自行設計問卷。問卷包括四個部分：①本科生的一般資料，包括年齡、性別、專業及實習醫院。②學生所屬院校在畢業論文撰寫方面所做工作、實際效果與學生對學校的期盼。③實習醫院對畢業生論文撰寫的影響以及實習生對醫院的期盼。④學生對撰寫論文的認識以及實際撰寫論文的能力。問題以單項選擇題為主，多選題2題，有專門標注。
1.2.2由調查者向被調查者說明調查的目的，并逐條講解調查內容，讓他們在充分理解后根據自身實際情況自行填寫，填寫完畢后調查者逐項檢查，確認沒有遺漏后回收。共發放調查問卷52份，回收52份，有效問卷52份，有效回收率100%。
1.2.3統計學方法
調查所得資料用MicrosoftExcel軟件建立數據庫，進行統計描述。
2結果與討論
通過本次調查得知，影響醫學院校臨床實習本科生畢業論文撰寫的因素歸納起來有三個方面：
2.1學校方面本次調查顯示：①82.7%的醫學院校雖然開設了論文撰寫方面的課程，但有63.5%的學生認為院校開設的此類課程少。②在實用性方面，有65.4%的學生認為這些課程對實際論文撰寫的幫助不大，只是知道了論文的撰寫格式。③只有7.7%的學生掌握了數據資料收集、統計分析方面的知識。因此，學生希望學校做如下改進工作：①學校在優化課程設置的基礎上，建議提高教師授課技巧。如在學習統計學課程時，老師應側重實際應用方面的講解，教會學生不同的數據資料該用哪種相對應的統計方法？具體意義是什么？②在撰寫論文實際需要的能力方面，學校應該加強對學生論文選題的指導，以糾正在以往畢業論文中存在的選題過大、查新不準、設計不夠科學等問題[2]。③筆者建議學校安排學生參加論文撰寫講座和模擬演練。
2.2實習醫院方面
2.2.1指導老師本次調查表2顯示：①86.6%認為醫院非常有必要為實習生提供論文指導老師。②80.8%表示需在老師的指導下才能完成畢業論文的撰寫，這說明了醫院提供論文指導老師對實習生畢業論文撰寫的重要性，這與某些文章的見解相一致[3]。
2.2.2實習科室的合理安排調查顯示：①73.1%的學生認為進入臨床實習初期即要求學生確定論文題目感到迷茫。②82.7%認為醫院實習科室的安排對論文定題有影響。筆者認為這可能是學校純理論性教育與臨床實踐有一定的差距所致，實習醫院可以在統一安排科室輪轉的基礎上增加一點學生的自主性。比如在接近論文選題那段時間，通過讓實習生自主選擇感興趣的科室進行2-4周的專科實習，配合臨床論文指導老師的指導，進一步熟悉該專科，了解本專科的國內外發展動態，增加學生畢業論文撰寫的興趣，以明確畢業論文撰寫的方向。另外，還可以安排學生參加實習醫院舉辦的論文撰寫相關講座、論文匯報會和科研課題開題報告會等，甚至可以安排學生參加實習醫院部分科研工作。
2.3學生個人方面調查顯示：①只有26.9%對撰寫論文感興趣。②53.8%覺得撰寫論文非常難，30.8%不知道論文的選題，覺得無從下手。③有40.4%的本科生不知道如何進行數據資料的收集與統計分析。筆者建議：學生在大學三年級起可以梳理并確定自己感興趣的專科，著重了解和掌握該專科的國內外發展動態，以便為最后一年臨床實習畢業論文定題做好充分的準備。最后，學生進入臨床實習早期就應勤觀察、勤思考，理論聯系實際，以便早日選好、選對論文題目；并充分利用實習醫院現有的資源，例如臨床指導老師、醫院的圖書館等，要積極主動與論文指導老師溝通、交流，得到老師的指導，使大家不再感到撰寫論文是件非常困難的事情。
3小結
通過對52例醫學院校臨床實習本科生畢業論文撰寫影響因素的調查，發現醫學院校臨床實習本科生在畢業論文撰寫上，學校、實習醫院、學生個人還有很多工作需要改進，實習醫院、學校應該為臨床實習本科生畢業論文撰寫提供更多的幫助，如實習醫院可以允許學生自選專科實習2-4周來完成畢業論文的撰寫；學生個人應該以更加積極主動的態度努力提高與撰寫論文有關的各種能力，如思維能力、創新意識和科研能力等。
參考文獻
篇12
3.提高農學類本科畢業論文質量的主要途徑
4.大學本科畢業論文模式探索
5.本科論文教學質量評價指標體系研究
6.從高校本科論文環節淺談本科評估與教學管理
7.本科畢業論文教學改革的實踐與探討
8.有關本科畢業論文設計問題的思考——以歷史學為例
9.英語專業本科論文寫作創新性研究
10.本科畢業論文教學改革研究——以工商管理專業為例
11.財經類本科畢業論文形式與選題研究——基于學生能力培養的視角
12.本科論文新教學模式的探索與實踐
13.本科論文教學質量評價指標體系研究
14.對藝術類本科論文的幾點思考
15.自學考試本科論文預申請管理系統設計
16.護理本科實習生畢業論文回顧分析
17.對會計專業本科畢業論文選題的思考
18.基于本科畢業設計(論文)的導師制運行模式探索
19.聯合指導本科畢業論文的動因、困難及出路
20.跨校本科畢業論文指導模式初探
21.高校本科畢業論文學術不端現象平議
22.本科論文的創新性與本科生的創新能力
23.金融學應用本科畢業論文選題的實證研究——以某地方財經高校為例
24.“全過程”本科論文寫作中科學素養的培養——以法學專業為例
25.漢語國際教育專業本科論文選題的分析和思考——以南開大學漢語國際教育本科論文選題為例
26.影響本科畢業設計(論文)完成質量因素探討
27.我國本科畢業論文制度的闡釋與建構
28.合理安排時間，提高本科論文質量
29.本科畢業論文(設計)存在的主要問題及幾點建議——以欽州學院為例
30.關于圖書館服務職能與本科畢業論文的幾點思考
31.二類院校本科畢業論文外審制度利弊及對策淺析——以陜西榆林學院為例
32.中日化工類大學本科畢業論文環節教育方式比較
33.對本科畢業論文工作的幾點思考
34.工商管理函授本科畢業論文質量提升路徑探析
35.理工類專業本科畢業論文寫作現狀調查與分析
36.英語本科畢業論文寫作的動機研究及其啟示
37.略論大數據時代下本科學位論文過程管理網絡交互平臺的工作機制
38.護理本科畢業生對畢業論文撰寫的相關態度和行為調查
39.本科畢業論文選題質量的探索與實踐
40.體育專業本科論文寫作不應取消而應加強
41.外語專業本科畢業設計(論文)多樣化的現實思考
42.以案例分析為創新路徑的大學本科畢業論文指導
43.論“本科畢業論文存廢之爭”對當前地方高校本科畢業論文的影響
44.強化本科畢業論文教學環節的探索與應用
45.高校本科畢業設計(論文)教學質量綜合評價研究
46.綜合性大學取消本科畢業論文辨析
47.英語專業本科論文寫作的交互式教學模式探索
篇13
[5]王琪.高校本科畢業論文堅持之必要性及質量提高對策――以英語專業本科畢業論文為例[J].教育教學論壇，2014，（6）.
[6]柳巧玲，米天勝.高校本科畢業設計（論文）教學質量綜合評價研究[J].南京審計學院學報，2010，（3）.
[7][9]鄧曉成.關于提高本科畢業論文質量的思考[J].哈爾濱師范大學社會科學學報，2013，（2）.
[8]張欣.高校本科畢業論文質量提升的思考[J].內蒙古師范大學學報（教育科學版），2013，（3）.
[10]胡成.本科畢業論文（設計）的悖論與改革[J].長春工業大學學報（高教研究版），2011，（3）.
[11]吳益鋒，張淑敏，田夏.上海交通大學提升本科畢業設計（論文）質量的改革與實踐[J].實驗技術與管理，2014，（7）.
[12]賈廷秀.思政專業本科畢業論文質量保障體系建設研究[J].長江大學學報（社科版），2013，（1）.
[13]柯穎.高校本科畢業論文教學改革的對策思考[J].學生論壇，2008，（10）.
[14]喬軍，孟慶玲.提高本科畢業論文質量的幾點思考[J].教育探索，2011，（9）.
